Background Medication nonadherence is a significant public health problem as it contributes to poor clinical outcomes and increased healthcare costs. Older patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy often have low medication adherence. These patients also have a high prevalence of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use. Aim To explore risk factors related to medication nonadherence in older patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy and examine the association between medication nonadherence and PIM use. Method A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted from May to December 2019 in 16 tertiary hospitals from 12 provinces and cities in China. Data were collected from outpatients 65 years or older with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The PIMs were evaluated using the 2019 Beers Criteria. Self-reported medication adherence was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Results A total of 773 outpatients were recruited. The prevalence of medication nonadherence was 31.8%. In the univariate analysis, nonadherence was significantly associated with sex, cognitive impairment, stroke, visiting the same physicians, self-administration of medication, the percentage of drug costs ≥ 10% of the medical expenses, and PIMs for the alimentary tract and metabolism. In the multivariate analysis, the results almost paralleled those of the univariate associations. Notably, the use of PIM was significantly associated with medication adherence. Conclusion Several factors that influence medication adherence were identified. Targeted interventions can be implemented to improve medication adherence, such as encouraging self-administering medications and reducing medication expenses.

Materials and methods Arthritis model studiesEight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were housed separately under controlled temperature (22 ± 3 °C), 50 ± 20% humidity, light-dark cycle of 12 h and free access to food and water.

Aims: To investigate the characteristics of prescriptions during pregnancy from Beijing Prescription Comment System from 2016 to 2018. Methods: Data was extracted and selected in the system with key words according to inclusion criteria. We examined patterns and assessed risks with FDA category categorization. Factors associated to D/X, C, N/A categories were explored through multivariate logistic regression. We re-classified the drugs with Briggs categorization of B, C, D, N/A categories. Results: From 5,446,561 prescriptions of Beijing Prescription Comment System, 647 varieties of chemical or biomedical drugs with 112,566 prescriptions were finally included. The prescriptions majorly distributed on patients from 25 to 35 years (68.17%), in 1st and 2nd trimesters (75.05%). Drugs in FDA category were followed by B (23.83%), C (13.37%), X (6.17%), A (3.26%), D (1.7%), while 51.68% not available. In D/X categories, estrogens, assisted reproductive drugs and imaging testing drugs were most. Within X category, prescriptions showed an increase in women under 25 years from 216 to 2018. In drugs of D/X categories, gestational week under 12 weeks (OR=3.259, 95%CI, 1.441-7.37) matters most among risk factors of specialized hospitals, gestational age between 30 and 35, and non-obstetrics and gynecology departments. Under Briggs categorization, FDA category C contains more risk drugs in animal or human tests (74.25%) according to Briggs categorization. Conclusions: This research explored exposure of pregnant women to potential risk drugs by FDA category and Briggs categorization. Main characteristics and risk factors revealed by this study should be monitored in the ongoing studies on pregnancy drug safety.