The zebrafish model organism was applied first in a metabolic study of icariin, baohuoside I, epimedin A and epimedin C, which are flavonoids in Herba Epimedii. Metabolites of these compounds in zebrafish after exposure for 24 h were identified by HPLC-ESI-MS, whereby the separation was performed with a Zorbax C-18 column using a gradient elution of 0.05% formic acid acetonitrile-0.05% formic acid water. The quasi-molecular ions of compounds were detected in simultaneous negative and positive ionization modes. Metabolic products of icariin and epimedin C via cleavage of glucose residue instead of rhamnose residues were found, which coincided with the results using regular metabolic analysis methods. In addition, the zebrafish model was used to predict the metabolism of the trace component epimedin A, whose metabolic mechanisms haven’t been clearly elucidated with the current metabolism model. The metabolic pathway of epimedin A in zebrafish was similar to those of its homologue icariin and epimedin C. Our study demonstrated that the zebrafish model can successfully imitate the current models in elucidating metabolic pathways of model flavonoids, which has advantages of lower cost, far less amount of compound needed, easy set up and high performance. This novel model can also be applied in quickly predicting the metabolism of Chinese herb components, especially trace compounds.

In order to provide corresponding anesthesia methods of hepatobiliary diseases and obtain better clinical effect, the hemodynamics and clinical efficacy are evaluated by using different doses of dexamethasone (DEX) during the operation. 97 patients undergoing general anesthesia for hepatobiliary surgery in our hospital from April 2020 to August 2021 are analyzed retrospectively. All patients are divided into G1 (n = 24), G2 (n = 24), G3 (n = 24), and control group (n = 25) according to the random number table method. The G1, G2, and G3 groups are injected with DEX 1.0 ug/kg, DEX 0.8 ug/kg, and DEX 0.5 ug/kg by intravenous infusion pump before induction of general anesthesia, and the control group is injected with 0.9%Nacl solution 10 mL. Intraoperative anesthesia time, postoperative eye opening time, and extubation time of all groups are observed, and the incidences of postoperative adverse reactions are compared. The experimental results show that during general anesthesia in the liver and gallbladder surgery, the patients with high dose of DEX can better maintain the intraoperative hemodynamic parameters, and effectively restrain the postoperative stress reaction.