No abstract

The exposure to Alternaria toxins from grain and grain-based products has been reported to be related to human esophageal cancer in China. In this study, a total of 370 freshly harvested wheat kernel samples collected from Anhui province of China in 2015 were analyzed for the four Alternaria toxins tenuazonic acid (TeA), tentoxin (TEN), alternariol (AOH) and alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method (HPLC-MS/MS). TeA was the predominant toxin detected followed by TEN, AOH and AME. The concentrations of the four Alternaria toxins varied geographically. The samples from Fuyang district showed higher TEN concentration levels than the other regions studied (p < 0.05). Furthermore, 95% (352/370) of the wheat samples were positive for more than one type of Alternaria toxins. Positive correlation was observed between concentration levels of TeA and TEN, AOH and AME, TeA and AOH, and the total dibenzopyrone derivatives (AOH + AME) and TeA. Results indicate that there is a need to set the tolerance limit for Alternaria toxins in China, and more data on the contamination of these toxins in agro-products is required.

No abstract

The main compounds in agarwood (sesquiterpenes and chromones) are classified and summarized based on their molecular skeletons and plant species.

As an important reactive oxygen species, hypochlorous acid (HClO) is produced in various physiological processes. The abnormal rise of the HClO level is associated with a large number of inflammatory diseases. In this work, we develop a simple, aqueous-soluble aggregration-induced emission (AIE) probe for sensing HClO with significant aggregation-induced fluorescence (>1000 times). Two probes, CH 3 O−TPE−Py + −N + (COTN) and OH−TPE− Py + −N + (HOTN) (TPE, tetraphenylethylene), are synthesized for sensing HClO by the cleavage of the Py + −N + group; the reaction products are CH 3 O− TPE−CHO (COT) and OH−TPE−CHO (HOT), respectively. The hydrophobicity of the probes is changed with the increased aggregation-induced emission. During the process, HOTN shows significantly better response than COTN. The slightly different chemical structures of COTN and HOTN result in a significant response to HClO. The theoretical calculation data support the theory that the hydrogen bond contributes to the excellent sensitivity for HClO. On the basis of the good response to HClO in vitro, HOTN is used to image inflammation and hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo because these diseases always produce high HClO levels.