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ObjectiveThis meta-analysis aims to evaluate the sedative efficacy and safety of intranasal administration of dexmedetomidine (DEX) compared with oral chloral hydrate for Computed tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) examination in Children.MethodsCochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and China WanFang Databases were searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating intranasal DEX (test group) vs. oral chloral hydrate (control group) in pediatric CT/MRI examinations up to December 30, 2021. The data were analyzed using Stata 15.0 software.ResultsSeven RCTs with 1,846 children were identified. The meta-analysis results showed that the success rate of sedation (RR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.03–1.26, P = 0.011), sedation onset time [weighted mean difference (WMD) = –0.87, 95% CI: –1.42 to –0.31, P = 0.002], sedation duration (WMD = –9.05, 95% CI:-14.69 to –3.42, P = 0.002), time to awakening (WMD = –9.75, 95% CI:-17.57 to –1.94, P = 0.014), and incidence of nausea and vomiting [relative risk (RR) = 0.09, 95% CI:0.04–0.23, P < 0.001) of the test group were significantly better than those of the control group. However, no significant differences were identified in incidence of hypotension (RR = 1.18, 95% CI: 0.51–2.74) and bradycardia (RR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.13–22.11) between the two groups.ConclusionIntranasal administration of DEX is superior to oral chloral hydrate for sedation during pediatric CT/MRI examinations and has a better safety profile.

The adsorption of particulate matter (PM) by the leaves of urban plants can effectively reduce the particulate matter concentration in the atmosphere. The use of climbing plants to abate particulate matter is an important means of urban greening in China, which is rich in climbing plant species. In this study, three evergreen climbing plants were selected to assess their ability to adsorb particulate matter and determine their physiological responses to particulate pollution. PM deposition was determined gravimetrically. There were four key results. 1) The adsorption capacity of the three evergreen climbers followed the order of Hedera nepalensis var > Ficus pumila Linn > Euonymus fortunei, and was significantly higher in an overpass environment than in a campus environment for all three species. 2) The seasonal characteristics of particulate adsorption by the three types of climbers in both the overpass and campus environments followed the order of winter > autumn > spring > summer. 3) The net photosynthetic rate of the three climbing plants was significantly affected by particulate matter in a size dependent manner, with fine particulate matter on the plant leaf surface and coarse particulate matter in the leaf waxy layer being important factors affecting plant photosynthesis. 4) Particulate pollution led to changes in the activities of plant protective enzymes in plants, with increases in the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activity, and the malondialdehyde (MDA) and soluble protein contents. There were different trends in the soluble sugar content among the different plant species. In conclusion, F. pumila had a strong resistance to particulate pollutants, while H. nepalensis was considered suitable for planting in polluted areas where it could improve ambient air quality by adsorbing large amounts of particulate matter.

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