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The chlorophenol pollutants (CPs) have been reported to occur at relatively high concentrations in some Chinese waters. To map the distribution of CPs in the surface water throughout China, samples were collected from over 600 sites in the seven major watersheds and three drainage areas. The samples were analyzed for the representative CPs including 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, and pentachlorophenol. In general, it was observed that 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol were more frequently detected at higher concentrations in the rivers of North China compared with those of South China. High concentration sites of 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol mainly occurred in the Yellow River, Huaihe River, and Haihe River watersheds, while pentachlorophenol contamination mainly occurred in the Yangtze River watershed. The pentachlorophenol was the most ubiquitous CPs being detected in 85.4% of samples (median = 50.0 ng l ). The results of this investigation indicated that 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol contaminations of Yellow River, Huaihe River, and Haihe River watersheds were of particular concern, while the pentachlorophenol contamination mainly occurred in the Yangtze River watershed. These results showed that CPs contamination in the surface water of China was similar to other places of the world.

The extent to which mediating mechanisms account for the gender difference in delinquency was tested on a sample of 2, 753 adolescents studied across three points in time. Results using structural equations modeling showed that males are more likely to be involved in delinquent activities, partly because they are less bound to conventional values, more likely to be associated with delinquent peers, and report more adverse experiences with the authorities. These effects remain after partialling out the stability effect of prior delinquency and other sociodemographidstructral variables. However, although males are more likely than females to report frustration in achievement, frustration in achievement does not directly affect subsequent delinquent behavior in a multivariate context. In addition, adolescent males and females tend to report similar patterns of delinquent activities, and the influences of mediating variables on delinquent outcome are generally similar for males and females.

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