The liquid crystalline phase behavior and sol-gel transition in halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) aqueous dispersions have been investigated by applying polarized optical microscopy (POM), macroscopic observation, rheometer, small-angle X-ray scattering, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The liquid crystalline phase starts to form at the HNT concentration of 1 wt %, and a full liquid crystalline phase forms at the HNT concentration of 25 wt % as observed by POM and macroscopic observation. Rheological measurements indicate a typical shear flow behavior for the HNT aqueous dispersions with concentrations above 20 wt % and further confirm that the sol-gel transition occurs at the HNT concentration of 37 wt %. Furthermore, the HNT aqueous dispersions exhibit pH-induced gelation with more intense birefringence when hydrochloric acid (HCl) is added. The above findings shed light on the phase behaviors of diversely topological HNTs and lay the foundation for fabrication of the long-range ordered nano-objects.

No abstract

No abstract

The synonymic interchange of characters in the Chu bamboo slips could be combined with other language phenomena, such as jiajie (假借), showing complexity as follows: one character was synonymously interchanged as another character, and then it was borrowed as the loan graph of a third character, which was same in pronunciation as the other character, or one character was borrowed as the loan graph of another character, and then it was synonymously interchanged as a third character, which is the same as or close in meaning to the other character. After one character was synonymously interchanged as another character, the interchanged character could be used as the phonetic component to construct new characters.

The equity structure is the basis for corporate governance, and the decisive factor for performance of listed companies. Considering the return on equity as the measure index of company performance, the paper has collected 2014-2016 data related to index of equity structure from 32 listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen, made descriptive statistical analysis and correlation analysis on it with spass20.0 statistical software, and discussed the relation between equity structure and performance of listed companies. The research finds that: Chinese listed companies for building industry still have relatively high equity concentration, imperfect internal governance mechanism and poor equity restriction. The effect of "bargaining" is difficultly developed to promote the growth of performance. China shall further strengthen the efforts to control, spur listed companies to reinforce the internal management, and optimize the equity structure to ensure the effective balance, with the purpose of accelerating the healthy and sustainable development of listed companies and safeguarding the interests of medium-small investors.