Polarized light scattering spectroscopy (PLSS) is a promising optical technique developed for the detection of cancer, which extracts the single scattering light to infer morphological information of epithelial cells. However, traditional PLSS uses either a rotatable polarizer or two orthogonal polarizers to purify the single scattering light, which makes it complicated and challenged to build a PLSS endoscope. Herein, we propose a snapshot PLSS with a single optical path to directly get the single scattering light for the first time. The single scattering light is encoded using the spectrally-modulated polarimetry and decoded using the continuous slide iterative method. Both the polystyrene microsphere solutions and the ex vivo gastric cancer samples are used to verify the method. The experimental results of the snapshot PLSS are consistent well with that of the traditional PLSS. The proposed method has a potential for the building of snapshot PLSS endoscope systems in future.

BackgroundThe effects of psychological interventions on symptoms and psychology of functional dyspepsia (FD) remain unclear. We aimed to comprehensively evaluate the effects of psychological interventions on symptoms and psychology of FD.MethodsWe searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase electronic databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the role of psychological interventions in FD patients published before July 2021. Standardized mean differences (SMDs), risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by a random effects model. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were also performed.ResultsFourteen RCTs with a total of 1,434 FD patients were included. Compared with the control group, psychological interventions were significantly more likely to symptom improvement [RR = 1.74, 95% CI (1.12, 2.72), p = 0.01], relieve gastrointestinal symptoms scores at follow up [SMD = −1.06, 95% CI (−1.55, −0.57), p < 0.0001], relieve gastrointestinal symptoms scores at end of treatment [SMD = −0.98, 95% CI (−1.29, −0.67), p < 0.001], decrease anxiety [SMD = −0.8, 95% CI (−1.38, −0.22), p = 0.006] and depression levels [SMD = −1.11, 95% CI (−1.62, −0.61), p < 0.001]. The results of the subgroup analysis showed that psychotherapy was more likely to symptom improvement, relieve gastrointestinal symptoms scores and decreased depression levels compared to the control.ConclusionsPsychological interventions may be effective in alleviating the symptoms and psychology of FD, but the effect appears to be limited to psychotherapy with fewer trials for other psychological interventions. More data from high-quality RCTs are needed to confirm their use in the treatment of FD.

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A snapshot polarized light scattering spectroscopy (snapshot PLSS) system with a single optical path was developed to detect early gastric cancer. The snapshot PLSS mechanism avoids the use of a rotatable polarizer or two orthogonal polarizers in the building of PLSS system. Ex‐vivo gastric cancer samples are used to verify the proposed method and system. The proposed snapshot technique provides the possibility for the development of a real‐time PLSS endoscopy imaging system on early cancer detection.Further details can be found in the article by Abudusalamu Tuniyazi, Tingkui Mu, Xiaosa Jiang, Feng Han, Haoyang Li, Qiuxia Li, Hang Gong, Wenjing Wang, and Bin Qin (e202100140). image