A novel class of visible-light-activated TiO 2 photocatalysts were prepared by direct hydrolysis of tetrabutyl titanate through iodine-doping. When calcination temperature is at 673 K, these nanoparticles (mean diameter of ∼5 nm) show stronger absorption in the 400-550 nm range with a red shift in the band gap transition and significantly higher photocatalytic activity than pure TiO 2 prepared by the same procedure and Degussa P-25 titania nanoparticles in aqueous phenol solution under visible light irradiation (λ > 400 nm). Furthermore, I-doped TiO 2 (673 K) still showed pronounced photocatalytic activity under UV and visible light irradiation.

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A palladium-catalyzed regioselective C-H cyanation of heteroarenes was achieved using tert-butyl isocyanide as "CN" source, which provides a new and unique strategy for the preparation of (hetero)aryl nitriles. Indoles, pyrroles, and aromatic rings could be efficiently cyanated through C-H bond activation with high regioselectivity.