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Sweet cherry is susceptible to disease caused by the Alternaria species and produces various Alternaria mycotoxins. Analytical methodologies based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) and LC-MS/MS to simultaneously determine five main Alternaria mycotoxins (tenuazonic acid, 1; alternariol, 2; alternariol methyl ether, 3; altenuene, 4; and tentoxin, 5) in fresh sweet cherries and cherry products were developed and validated. The limits of quantitation (LOQ) of the analytes ranged from 0.002−0.066 μg/kg. The method was successfully applied to 83 fresh cherry and cherry-related product samples. 1 and 5 were the predominant toxins with detection frequencies >50%, followed by 3 (42%), 2 (35%), and 4 (31%). Daily intakes of Alternaria mycotoxins via fresh sweet cherries were assessed preliminarily using the measured concentrations, and consumption data were obtained from a web-based dietary questionnaire (n = 476). The maximum exposure of 1 and 3 were 4.6 and 16.7 times the threshold of the toxicological concern (TTC) value, respectively.

Crumb rubber (CR) and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) were adopted as asphalt modifiers. Routine tests, softening point, penetration, and ductility were used to evaluate the basic properties of crumb rubber and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers (CR/EVA) modified asphalt. The segregation experiment measured the storage stability. Modern test methods such as fluorescence microscopic photography technology was used to study stability of polymer modified asphalt. Infrared spectrum experiment was used to analyze the composition differences of the upper part and lower part of CR/EVA modified asphalt. Matlab software was employed to fit out the formulae of ductility, penetration, and softening point difference of modified asphalt and shearing temperature, shearing time and shearing rate separately. Compared with base asphalt, the properties of CR/EVA modified asphalt have been greatly improved. The formulae which were fitted out by Matlab software showed that the shearing time was the foremost factor affecting the properties of CR/EVA modified asphalt, followed by shearing temperature, and the last was shearing rate. The conclusions which were fitted by orthogonal experiment were basically consistent with the results of formulae which were fitted out by Matlab software.

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