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This paper present a methodology for developing oil spill emergency Decision Support System (DSS) based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The network architecture of the ANN is introduced. Then the development process and key technologies are addressed. The procedures are as follows: (1) digitization (coding) of case information and emergency measures; (2) construction of oil spill ANN; and (3) translation (decoding) of decision-making information. The training features, time, errors, accuracy, and input attribute weights of the developed system are analyzed. The research work shows that: oil spill decision support systems based on ANN technology is effective, which can generate emergency plans quickly and accurately to meet the requirements of an oil spill on-site.