It is challenging for current one-step retrieveand-read question answering (QA) systems to answer questions like "Which novel by the author of 'Armada' will be adapted as a feature film by Steven Spielberg?" because the question seldom contains retrievable clues about the missing entity (here, the author). Answering such a question requires multi-hop reasoning where one must gather information about the missing entity (or facts) to proceed with further reasoning. We present GOLDEN (Gold Entity) Retriever, which iterates between reading context and retrieving more supporting documents to answer open-domain multi-hop questions. Instead of using opaque and computationally expensive neural retrieval models, GOLDEN Retriever generates natural language search queries given the question and available context, and leverages off-the-shelf information retrieval systems to query for missing entities. This allows GOLDEN Retriever to scale up efficiently for open-domain multi-hop reasoning while maintaining interpretability. We evaluate GOLDEN Retriever on the recently proposed open-domain multi-hop QA dataset, HOTPOTQA, and demonstrate that it outperforms the best previously published model despite not using pretrained language models such as BERT. * Equal contribution, order decided by a random number generator.

Computer poetry generation is our first step towards computer writing. Writing must have a theme. The current approaches of using sequenceto-sequence models with attention often produce non-thematic poems. We present a novel conditional variational autoencoder with a hybrid decoder adding the deconvolutional neural networks to the general recurrent neural networks to fully learn topic information via latent variables. This approach significantly improves the relevance of the generated poems by representing each line of the poem not only in a context-sensitive manner but also in a holistic way that is highly related to the given keyword and the learned topic. A proposed augmented word2vec model further improves the rhythm and symmetry. Tests show that the generated poems by our approach are mostly satisfying with regulated rules and consistent themes, and 73.42% of them receive an Overall score no less than 3 (the highest score is 5).

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