Accurate comprehension of safety signs plays a critical part in warning construction workers of potential work hazards. However, existing studies have rarely investigated construction workers' comprehension of safety signs at construction sites. Moreover, existing evaluation methods are generally based on subjective behavior tests, questionnaires, and interviews. Therefore, this study examined the effects of semantic congruity on the comprehension of safety signs, including two sign types (prohibition vs. warning signs) and two conditions (semantic congruence vs. incongruence), combining event‐related potentials and time‐frequency analysis measurements. Adopting the S1‐S2 paradigm, electroencephalogram data were recorded when participants decided whether S1 and S2 were semantically congruent or not. Results showed that the semantically incongruent safety sign‐word pairs elicited larger N400 amplitudes and increased theta (3–8 Hz) power in 300–420 ms. The amplitude of N400 in the semantically incongruent condition of the warning sign‐word pairs was more negative than that for the prohibition sign‐word pairs, while there were no significant differences between the prohibition and warning sign‐word pairs in the semantically congruent condition. A greater late positive potential (LPP) (550–750 ms) was also elicited in the semantically incongruent safety sign‐word pairs, which was different from previous studies that observed larger LPP in congruent conditions. These results suggest complicated cognitive mechanisms of safety sign comprehension in construction workers. This study extends safety sign comprehension research by using electrophysiological approaches and provides useful indicators for researchers or safety engineers to measure the semantic congruity of proposed sign designs.

The naval ship command cabin(NSCC) is an important part and the nerve centre of the whole ship. In order to achieve better evaluation and design improvements of the human-machine interface(HMI) of the naval shipborne command cabin in the design phase, we preliminarily expounded the ergonomic digital evaluation system of the NSCC based on extended JACK. The NSCC human-machine interface evaluation index system was constructed by using the improved Delphi method, and the quantitative and qualitative evaluation method was studied. The ergonomic digital evaluation system for the naval shipborne command cabin was developed by extending the JACK software, in which the mannequin module, human-machine interface design module, evaluation module and design standards module were integrated. Finally, the feasibility and applicability of the proposed ergonomic digital evaluation system were verified by an illustrated example.

As a simple, discontinuous, surface deformation statistical map, Dorling cartograms are effective means with which to characterize the geographic distribution of event data attributes. According to existing research, behavioral differences exist in the visual cognition of individuals with different cognitive field styles in the spatial task of switching layers in a two-dimensional electronic map. However, there are few studies that compare the visual cognitive ability of individuals with different cognitive field styles in the cross-layer structure design of Dorling cartogram event information. This paper uses the visual behavior measurement method to analyze the similarities and differences in the visual cognitive ability of two types of individuals, namely, field-independent and field-dependent individuals, in the cross-layer event structure design of Dorling cartograms. We recruited 40 subjects to perform visualization tasks on Dorling cartograms designed with two event structures, and we recorded the visual cognition data for the two types of subjects in both tasks. The results show that the subjects with the field-independent style perform better in the cognition of the Dorling cartogram event structure than the subjects with the field-dependent style, and the “S-T” event structure design is generally more user-friendly than the “T-S” event structure design. Our findings help to provide some references for the event structure design of human-centered Dorling cartograms.

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