Background and objectives:Germination is an effective way to enhance the nutritional value of cereals. However, noodles from germinated wheat have sticky texture, higher cooking loss, and lower tensile resistance compared to those from non-germinated wheat. Challenges for improving noodle-making quality of germinated wheat are essential in food industry. In this study, germinated wheat grain and thus obtained wheat flour were modified by heat-moisture treatment (HMT) at moisture content of 17%, 21%, 25%, and 29%, respectively. Findings: After HMT, enhanced falling number, paste viscosity, crystallinity, gelatinization temperature, enthalpy of starch, and reduced dough stability were observed for both germinated wheat flour and germinated wheat grain samples.These modified indicators of wheat flour were obviously higher than that of wheat grain. It was found that moisture content of around 25% was optimal moisture for these indicators. When using HMT germinated wheat flour (up to 20%), Chinese white salted noodles (CWSN) had better quality (lower cooking loss and higher extensibility) compared with HMT germinated wheat grain as raw material.CWSN made by HMT germinated wheat flour (10% noodle flour was replaced) displayed similar quality when using wheat flour. In addition, its quality was significantly higher than those of germinated wheat flour. Conclusions: The modification of germinated wheat flour by HMT is an effective method to improve the CWSN making quality of composite flour of germinated wheat flour and non-germinated wheat flour, as long as the level of replacement of wheat flour with HMT germinated wheat flour does not exceed 10%, which can be attributed to the compound action of HMT on inactivity of α-amylase and structural rearrangement of starch molecules. Significance and novelty: Although HMT may cause denaturation of gluten resulting in deterioration of dough quality in germinated wheat flour, the improvement of pasting properties by HMT shows positive effect on the CWSN making quality of germinated wheat flour. K E Y W O R D Sdough stability, germinated wheat, heat-moisture treatment, quality, starch paste properties

Alcohol is an essential drug in human life with multiple medical functions, but excessive alcohol intake, even a single episode of binge-drinking, can cause serious damage. Reducing alcohol consumption or absorption is a direct way to alleviate this harm. Alcohol is decomposed successively by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in the liver. Many anti-hangover drugs are intended to increase the activity of these two enzymes, which are weakened in many people owing to gene polymorphisms. Here, we produced a high-activity human ADH1B (hADHIB)-expressing probiotic that secreted the hADH1B enzyme to decompose alcohol in the intestinal tract after oral administration. Our results showed that the oral hADHIB-expressing probiotic reduced the absorption of alcohol, prolonged alcohol tolerance time, and shortened the recovery time after drinking. Alongside, fat accumulation in liver and basal structure disorder of small intestine caused by heavy alcohol intake was improved. Therefore, the engineered probiotic has the potential to be prepared as a mate to wine. This study also demonstrated for the first time that alcohol decomposition can be catalyzed by ectopically expressed hADH1B, providing a practical basis for subsequent development of super-biological antidotes that effectively deliver multiple enzymes.