a b s t r a c tUsing liquid fertilizer as a draw solute in forward osmosis (FO) to extract high-quality water from wastewater is of strong interest because it eliminates the need for regenerating draw solute, thereby requiring less energy input to system operation. However, energy consumption of such an approach has not been evaluated before. Herein, a submerged FO system with all-purpose liquid fertilizer as a draw solute was studied for energy consumption of water recovery from either deionized (DI) water or domestic wastewater. The results showed that a higher draw concentration led to higher water flux and lower energy consumption, for example 0.25 ± 0.08 kW h m À3 with 100% draw concentration, but reverse salt flux (RSF) was also more serious. Decreasing the recirculation flow rate from 100 to 25 mL min À1 had a minor effect on water flux, but significantly reduced energy consumption from 1.30 ± 0.28 to 0.09 ± 0.02 kW h m À3 . When extracting water from the secondary effluent, the FO system exhibited comparable performance of water flux and energy consumption to that of the DI water. However, the primary effluent resulted in obvious fouling of the FO membrane and higher energy consumption than that of the secondary effluent/DI water. This study has provided important implications to proper evaluation of energy consumption by the FO system using liquid fertilizer or other non-regenerating draw solutes.

In this work, a multi-scale residual dense network (MSRDN) with dilatedconvolution is proposed to efficiently eliminate noise in ECG signals.Based on dilated convolutions with different sampling rate, a dual-branchresidual dense block (DBRDB) is designed to extract multi-scale localfeatures, and dual-way feature fusion increases the variation of informa-tion flow input to the subsequent blocks whilst requiring fewer parame-ters. The hierarchical feature-maps learned by all the DBRDBs can beadaptively fused and further combined with the shallow features to con-stitute the global features. And the residual learning is also introducedinto MSRDN to achieve cross-layer information interaction and acceler-ate network training. We evaluate our model on the MIT-BIH arrhythmiadatabase and the MIT-BIH noise stress test database. The results of theexperiments show that our method outperforms the existing traditionaland deep learning methods in terms of the performance metrics of SNR,RMSE and PRD. And denoised waveforms are closer to the originalclean signals while preserving important details of the ECG signals.

Along with the constant development of Chinese economy, cross-cultural communication and foreign trade gain prosperity increasingly, so the ability of business English becomes more important. Training the personnel who are proficient in business English has significance on the development of improving Chinese culture, economy and politics. Through the discussion of the concept, meaning and related problems of communicative teaching approach and by combining with the characteristics of higher vocational English class, this text explores the efficient application of communicative teaching approach in higher vocational business English class, the optimization of the educational effect in higher vocational business English class, the enhancement of the educational level of higher vocational business English and the improvement of students' ability to apply business English.