Activated carbon derived from finger citron residue (FAC) was tested as a new type of adsorbents to remove the harmful dyes (anionic dye methyl orange (MO) and cationic dye methylene blue (MB)) from contaminated water. Liquid phase adsorption experiments were conducted and the maximum adsorptive capacity was determined. Various conditions were evaluated, including initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage, contact time, solution pH, and temperature. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were used to describe the equilibrium isotherm and isotherm constant calculation. It was found that the adsorption capacity of FAC is much higher than those of the other types of activated carbons. Maximum equilibrium adsorption capacities of 934.58 mg/g and 581.40 mg/g for MO and MB were achieved.Three simplified kinetic models including pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion equations were used to investigate the adsorption process.The pseudo-second-order equation was followed for adsorption of MO and MB on FAC. Temperature-dependent adsorption behaviors of MO and MB show that the adsorption is a spontaneous and endothermic process accompanying an entropy increases (the driving force of the adsorption). This work indicates that FAC could be employed as a low cost alternative to commercially available activated carbon in the removal of dyes from wastewater.

Doping of Cu–BTC with a metal Ni(ii) ion plays an important role in the adsorptive removal of congo red dye.

Abstract.A three-dimensional full electromagnetic particle-in-cell (PIC ) code, TRIS-TAN (Tridimensional Stanford) code, has been parallelized using High Performance Fortran (HPF) as a RPM (Real Parallel Machine). In the parallelized HPF code, the simulation domain is decomposed in one-dimension, and both the particle and field data located in each domain that we call the sub-domain are distributed on each processor. Both the particle and field data on a sub-domain are needed by the neighbor sub-domains and thus communications between the sub-domains are inevitable. Our simulation results using HPF exhibit the promising applicability of the HPF communications to a large scale scientific computing such as solar wind-magnetosphere interactions.

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