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Oriented by requirement of trust management in multiple cloud environment, this paper presents T-broker, a trustaware service brokering scheme for efficient matching cloud services (or resources) to satisfy various user requests. First, a trusted third party-based service brokering architecture is proposed for multiple cloud environment, in which the T-broker acts as a middleware for cloud trust management and service matching. Then, T-broker uses a hybrid and adaptive trust model to compute the overall trust degree of service resources, in which trust is defined as a fusion evaluation result from adaptively combining the direct monitored evidence with the social feedback of the service resources. More importantly, T-broker uses the maximizing deviation method to compute the direct experience based on multiple key trusted attributes of service resources, which can overcome the limitations of traditional trust schemes, in which the trusted attributes are weighted manually or subjectively. Finally, T-broker uses a lightweight feedback mechanism, which can effectively reduce networking risk and improve system efficiency. The experimental results show that, compared with the existing approaches, our T-broker yields very good results in many typical cases, and the proposed system is robust to deal with various numbers of dynamic service behavior from multiple cloud sites.

Context: Baicalin is an active compound which demonstrates cardioprotection effects against myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI). Objective: To investigate how baicalin protects against myocardial injury and to explore its potential mechanism. We hypothesized that baicalin-modulated macrophages change from M1 (pro-inflammatory subset) to M2 (anti-inflammatory subset) under I/R stress. Materials and methods: We established an ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) model using Sprague Dawley (SD) rat, then baicalin was intragastric administration (20, 60 or 120 mg/kg) for 24 h. The rats were randomly divided into five groups (n ¼ 10): control, I/R, I/R þ baicalin (20 mg/kg), I/R þ baicalin (60 mg/kg) and I/R þ baicalin (120 mg/kg). Cardiac function was detected by echocardiography, HE staining and ELISA, respectively. Macrophage phenotype was examined by flow cytometry. Furthermore, IHC, qRT-PCR and WB were employed to analyse the related mechanisms. Results: The study showed that baicalin (20, 60 or 120 mg/kg) significantly improved cardiac function and impeded cardiac apoptosis in rats. In addition, the repair of myocardial morphology (reduced neutrophil infiltration) further confirmed its cardiacprotective effect. Moreover, baicalin effectively decreased iNOS, IL-1b and IL-6, and up-regulated Arg-1, IL-10 and TGF-b via changing the macrophage phenotype (from M1 towards M2). Notably, treatment with baicalin also inhibited the phosphorylation levels of JAK2 and STAT3. Discussion and conclusions: It was confirmed that baicalin alleviated post-I/R myocardial injury and reduced inflammation via JAK/STAT pathway, and baicalin treatment might be recommended as a new approach for myocardial ischaemic complications.