BackgroundHigh-throughput sequencing (HTS) provides a powerful solution for the genome-wide identification of RNA-editing sites. However, it remains a great challenge to distinguish RNA-editing sites from genetic variants and technical artifacts caused by sequencing or read-mapping errors.ResultsHere we present RES-Scanner, a flexible and efficient software package that detects and annotates RNA-editing sites using matching RNA-seq and DNA-seq data from the same individuals or samples. RES-Scanner allows the use of both raw HTS reads and pre-aligned reads in BAM format as inputs. When inputs are HTS reads, RES-Scanner can invoke the BWA mapper to align reads to the reference genome automatically. To rigorously identify potential false positives resulting from genetic variants, we have equipped RES-Scanner with sophisticated statistical models to infer the reliability of homozygous genotypes called from DNA-seq data. These models are applicable to samples from either single individuals or a pool of multiple individuals if the ploidy information is known. In addition, RES-Scanner implements statistical tests to distinguish genuine RNA-editing sites from sequencing errors, and provides a series of sophisticated filtering options to remove false positives resulting from mapping errors. Finally, RES-Scanner can improve the completeness and accuracy of editing site identification when the data of multiple samples are available.ConclusionRES-Scanner, as a software package written in the Perl programming language, provides a comprehensive solution that addresses read mapping, homozygous genotype calling, de novo RNA-editing site identification and annotation for any species with matching RNA-seq and DNA-seq data. The package is freely available.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13742-016-0143-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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The first earth-abundant cobalt-catalyzed cycloamination of indolylquinones and various (hetero)aromatic amine under ligand-free conditions for the synthesis of polycyclic N-heterocycles has been developed. The process allows facile access to polycyclic N-heterocycles with tolerance of chloride, bromide, amino, thio, etc. groups in moderate to high yields (up to 89%). In addition, The photophysical properties of the synthesized products were evaluated. These products exhibit interesting fluorescence properties, which is promising for fluorescent probes.