One of the major challenges encountered by current face recognition techniques lies in the difficulties of handling varying poses, i.e., recognition of faces in arbitrary in-depth rotations.The face image differences caused by rotations are often larger than the inter-person differences used in distinguishing identities. Face recognition across pose, on the other hand, has great potentials in many applications dealing with uncooperative subjects, in which the full power of face recognition being a passive biometric technique can be implemented and utilised. Extensive efforts have been put into the research toward pose-invariant face recognition in recent years and many prominent approaches have been proposed. However, several issues in face recognition across pose still remain open, such as lack of understanding about subspaces of pose variant images, problem intractability in 3D face modelling, complex face surface reflection mechanism, etc. This paper provides a critical survey of researches on image-based face recognition across pose. The existing techniques are comprehensively reviewed and discussed. They are classified into different categories according to their methodologies in handling pose variations. Their strategies, advantages/disadvantages and performances are elaborated. By generalising different tactics in handling pose variations and evaluating their performances, several promising directions for future research have been suggested.Table 1. Categorisation of face recognition techniques across pose Category Approach General algorithms Holistic approaches Principal component analysis [43, 74, 75], Fisher discriminant analysis [7] Artificial neural network (Convolutional Networks [47]) Line edge maps [27], directional corner point [28] Local approaches Template matching [16], Modular PCA [61] Elastic bunch graph matching [79], local binary patterns [2] 2D techniques for face recognition across pose Real view-based matching Beymer's method [12], panoramic view [71] Pose transformation in image space Parallel deformation [10], pose parameter manipulation [32] Active appearance models [25, 39], linear shape model [40] Eigen light-field [33] Pose transformation in feature space Kernel methods (kernel PCA [54, 80], kernel FDA [36, 82]) Expert fusion [42], correlation filters [50] Local linear regression [19], tied factor analysis [63] Face recognition across pose with assistance of 3D models Generic shape-based methods Cylindrical 3D pose recovery [26] Probabilistic geometry assisted face recognition [55] Automatic texture synthesis [85] Feature-based 3D reconstruction Composite deformable model [48], Jiang's method [38], multi-level quadratic variation minimisation [87] Image-based 3D reconstruction Morphable model [13, 14], illumination cone model [29, 30] Stereo matching [18] Problem definition, challenges, evaluations and categorisationsFace recognition across pose refers to recognising face images in different poses by computers. It is of great interest in many face recognition applications, most not...

In patients with CHF, LV dysfunction, and chronic AF, RVOT and dual-site RV pacing shorten QRS duration but after 3 months do not consistently improve QOL or other clinical outcomes compared with RVA pacing.

Herein, the fabrication of all-organic conductive wires is demonstrated by utilizing patterning techniques such as inkjet printing and sponge stencil to apply poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) onto nonwoven polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric. The coating of the conducting polymer is only present on the surface of the substrate (penetration depth ∼ 200 μm) to retain the functionality and wearability of the textile. The wires fabricated by different patterning techniques provide a wide range of resistance, i.e., tens of kΩ/□ to less than 2 Ω/□ that allows the resistance to be tailored to a specific application. The sheet resistance is measured to be as low as 1.6 Ω/□, and the breakdown current is as high as 0.37 A for a 1 mm wide line. The specific breakdown current exceeds the previously reported values of macroscopic carbon nanotube based materials. Simple circuits composed of the printed wires are demonstrated, and resistance of the circuit from the measurement agrees with the calculated value based on Kirchhoff's rules. Additionally, the printed PEDOT:PSS wires show less than 6.2% change in sheet resistance after three washing and drying cycles using detergent.

Abstract-Long-term memory motion-compensated prediction extends the spatial displacement vector utilized in block-based hybrid video coding by a variable time delay permitting the use of more frames than the previously decoded one for motioncompensated prediction. The long-term memory covers several seconds of decoded frames at the encoder and decoder. The use of multiple frames for motion compensation in most cases provides significantly improved prediction gain. The variable time delay has to be transmitted as side information requiring an additional bit rate which may be prohibitive when the size of the long-term memory becomes too large. Therefore, we control the bit rate of the motion information by employing rateconstrained motion estimation. Simulation results are obtained by integrating long-term memory prediction into an H.263 codec. Reconstruction PSNR improvements up to 2 dB for the Foreman sequence and 1.5 dB for the Mother-Daughter sequence are demonstrated in comparison to the TMN-2.0 H.263 coder. The PSNR improvements correspond to bit-rate savings up to 34 and 30%, respectively. Mathematical inequalities are used to speed up motion estimation while achieving full prediction gain.

Discharging of the aprotic Li-O battery relies on O reduction to insulating solid Li O , which can either deposit as thin films on the cathode surface or precipitate as large particles in the electrolyte solution. Toward realizing Li-O batteries with high capacity and high rate capability, it is crucially important to discharge Li O in the electrolyte solution rather than on the cathode surface. Here, a soluble electrocatalyst of coenzyme Q (CoQ ) that can efficaciously drive solution phase formation of Li O in current benchmark ether-based Li-O batteries is reported, which would otherwise lead to Li O surface-film growth and premature cell death. In the range of current densities of 0.1-0.5 mA cm , the CoQ -catalyzed Li-O battery can deliver a discharge capacity that is ≈40-100 times what the pristine Li-O battery could achieve. The drastically enhanced electrochemical performance is attributed to the CoQ that not only efficiently mediates the electron transfer from the cathode to dissolve O but also strongly interacts with the newly formed Li O in solution retarding its precipitation on the cathode surface. The mediated oxygen reduction reaction and the bonding mechanism between CoQ and Li O are understood with density functional theory calculations.