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Magnetic biochar-based manganese oxide composite (MMB) and raw biochar (BC) were synthesized via pyrolysis at a temperature of 500 °C under anoxic conditions of potato stems and leaves, characterized, and successfully used for the removal of norfloxacin (NOR), ciprofloxacin (CIP), and enrofloxacin (ENR) as representative compounds of fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQs). Characterization results suggested that FeO and MnO are the dominant crystals in MMB. MMB possessed large surface area and pore volume than BC. Batch adsorption experiments showed that the maximum adsorption abilities of MMB for norfloxacin (NOR), ciprofloxacin (CIP), and enrofloxacin (ENR) were 6.94, 8.37, and 7.19 mg g. In comparison to BC, the adsorption abilities of MMB increased 1.2, 1.5, and 1.6 times for NOR, CIP, and ENR, respectively. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir model correlated satisfactorily to the experimental data. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption processes were spontaneous and endothermic. The adsorption capacity of MMB decreased with increasing solution pH (between 3.0 and 10.0) and increasing ionic strength (0.001-0.1). The MMB with high FQ removal efficiency, easy separation, and desirable regeneration ability may have promising environmental applications for the removal of fluoroquinolone antibiotics from water environment.

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This paper is devoted to the study of the multiple-parameter rough Marcinkiewicz integral operators associated with certain smooth curves. It is shown that the Grafakos-Stefanov type size condition F (alpha) (S (m-1) x S (n-1)) of the kernel implies the L (p) -boundedness of these Marcinkiewicz integral operators for some alpha > 1/2 and , which is an essential improvement of certain previous results.National Natural Science Foundation of China [11071200]; Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province [2010J01013]; Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province [09JJ5002]; Natural Science Foundation of Zhejing Province [Y6100810

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