The allelic variation and distribution of high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin subunit 1Ay in 814 Triticum lines were investigated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). 1Ay subunit existed in 13 out of analyzed 21 species. The four species T. turgidum L., T. polonicum L., T. turanicum Jakubz. and T. zhukovskyi Men. et Er. were firstly discovered with expressed 1Ay subunit. The distribution frequencies for diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid wheats were at 87.89, 20.31 and 1.79%, respectively. Among the observed eight 1Ay alleles, three with the electrophoretic mobilities similar to 1Bx6, 1By8, and between 1By8 and 1Dy10 were firstly observed. Five had the mobilities similar to 1Bx6, 1Bx7, 1By8, 1Dy10, and 1Dy12 in Glu-1B and Glu-1D loci of hexaploid wheat. It is very difficult to distinguish these 1Ay alleles in Glu-1Ay from those in hexaploid wheat. The predominant 1Ay alleles were those with the mobilities similar to 1Bx7, 1By8, 1Dy10 and 1Dy12, and faster than 1Dy12. Comparison results of 1Ay alleles in different species indicated that multiple diploid lines were involved in the evolution process of tetraploid wheat. The 1Ay allelic variations and genetic resources might be useful in the quality improvement of common wheat.

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