This study was conducted to evaluate the correlation between the free ferrous protoporphyrin and reactive oxygen species (FH and ROS) combined test and the tumor grade and stage in a pathologically confirmed uroepithelial carcinoma (UC) patient population. Patients and Methods:In this retrospective study, we enrolled patients newly diagnosed with UC between May 2020 and June 2021. All patients were classified as FH(+) and ROS(+), FH(+) and ROS(-), or FH(-) and ROS(-), based on the FH and ROS combined test of voided urine. Demographic information, pathological results, and status of the FH and ROS combined test were reviewed retrospectively. The relationship between FH and ROS combined test status and tumor stage and grade was evaluated using logistic regression. Results: This study included 120 UC patients with a median age of 69 years (interquartile range [IQR] 62-77 years). Eighteen patients (15%) were diagnosed with upper tract urothelial carcinoma, and the others (85%) were diagnosed with bladder cancer. The pathological stages for those with FH(+) and ROS(+) at diagnosis were 25.0% Ta, 45.8% T1, and 29.2% ≥T2. The pathological stages for those with FH(+) and ROS(-) at diagnosis were 23.5% Ta, 35.3% T1, and 41.2% ≥T2. The pathological stages for those with FH(-) and ROS(-) at diagnosis were 52.6% Ta, 26.3% T1, and 21.1% ≥T2. After adjusting for clinical factors, including age, sex, and smoking history, FH(+) and ROS(-) were independent risk factors for muscle-invasive UC (≥T2 stage) at diagnosis (odds ratio [OR] 3.379; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.103-10.355; P=0.033) in the univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Conclusion: Among patients with newly diagnosed UC, FH(+) and ROS(-) might have an association with a more advanced pathological stage. This finding may help differentiate between patients with aggressive diseases and those who may benefit from organ-sparing surgery.

Purpose This study aimed to assess the relationship between the preoperative reactive oxygen species and free ferrous protoporphyrin (ROS and FH) combined test and the risk of recurrence in a pathologically confirmed non-muscular invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients. Patients and Methods The retrospective study included 218 patients, newly diagnosed with NMIBC between January 2019 and February 2022. According to the results of FH and ROS combined test of voided urine, all patients were classified as FH(-)/ROS(-), FH(+)/ROS(-), or FH(+) /ROS(+). We reviewed demographic information, pathological results, and the FH and ROS combined test status. The clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated, and the survival rates of each group were compared. Finally, we also analyzed the association between preoperative free ferrous protoporphyrin and reactive oxygen species status and the tumor stage and grade. Results This study included 218 NMIBC patients with a median age of 68 years (interquartile range [IQR] 60–76 years). The number and proportion of patients in FH(-)/ROS(-), FH(+)/ROS(-) and FH(+) /ROS(+) were 95(43.6%), 79(36.2%) and 44(20.2%), respectively. And the pathological stages for those with FH(+) and ROS(+), FH(+) and ROS(-), FH(-) and ROS(-) at diagnosis were 0.5% Tis, 6.4% Ta, 13.3% T1; 2.3% Tis, 20.6% Ta, 13.3% T1; 5.5% Tis, 28.9% Ta, 9.2% T1, respectively. After adjusting for clinical factors, including tumor grade, tumor stage and FH/ROS status were independent risk factors for RFS In the multivariate Cox regression analysis. Through logistics regression analysis, FH(+)/ROS(+) were found to be corelated with high grade and more high stage (T1). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that 1-year RFS of FH(+)/ROS(+), FH(+)/ROS(-) and FH(-)/ROS(-) were 46.0%, 87.8% and 93.4%, respectively (P=0.000). Conclusion In newly diagnosed NMIBC patients, the status of FH(+)/ROS(+) has an association with a higher risk in recurrence. Furthermore, FH(+)/ROS(+) at diagnosis was correlated with high grade and higher stage (T1). Hence, the FH/ROS combined test can help specify treatment options for patients diagnosed with NMIBC.

Background and objectivesPatients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) often experience a waiting period before radical surgery for numerous reasons; however, the COVID-19 outbreak has exacerbated this problem. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the impact of the unavoidable time of surgical delay on the outcome of patients with MIBC.MethodsIn all, 165 patients from high-volume centers with pT2-pT3 MIBC, who underwent radical surgery between January 2008 and November 2020, were retrospectively evaluated. Patients’ demographic and pathological information was recorded. Based on the time of surgical delay endured, patients were divided into three groups: long waiting time (> 90 days), intermediate waiting time (30–90 days), and short waiting time (≤ 30 days). Finally, each group’s pathological characteristics and survival rates were compared.ResultsThe median time of surgical delay for all patients was 33 days (interquartile range, IQR: 16–67 days). Among the 165 patients, 32 (19.4%) were classified into the long waiting time group, 55 (33.3%) into the intermediate waiting time group, and 78 (47.3%) into the short waiting time group. The median follow-up period for all patients was 48 months (IQR: 23–84 months). The median times of surgical delay in the long, intermediate, and short waiting time groups were 188 days (IQR: 98–367 days), 39 days (IQR: 35–65 days), and 16 days (IQR: 12–22 days), respectively. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate for all patients was 58.4%, and that in the long, intermediate, and short waiting time groups were 35.7%, 61.3%, and 64.1%, respectively (P = 0.035). The 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates in the long, intermediate, and short waiting time groups were 38.9%, 61.5%, and 65.0%, respectively (P = 0.042). The multivariate Cox regression analysis identified age, time of surgical delay, pT stage, and lymph node involvement as independent determinants of OS and CSS.ConclusionIn patients with pT2-pT3 MIBC, the time of surgical delay > 90 days can have a negative impact on survival.