Dysfunction of the intestinal epithelial barrier under elevated temperatures is assumed to prompt pathological conditions and to eventually impede chickens' growth, resulting in massive economic losses in broiler industries. The aims of this research were to determine the impact of acute heat stress on the intestinal tight junction network of broiler chicks (Gallus domesticus L.) and to elucidate whether adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was involved in the integrated response of the broiler's gastrointestinal tract to heat stress. A total of 80 9-day-old Arbor Acres chicks were subjected to temperature treatment (thermoneutral versus heat stress) and AMPK inhibition treatment (5 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneal injection of compound C vs. sham treatment) for 72 h. In addition to monitoring growth performance, the mRNA and protein levels of key tight junction proteins, target components of the AMPK pathway, and biomarkers of intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress were assessed in the jejunum under both stressors at 24 and 72 h. An increase of the major tight junction proteins, claudin-1 and zonula occludens-1, was implemented in response to an exacerbated expression of the AMP-activated protein kinase. Heat stress did not affect zootechnical performance but was confirmed by an increased gene expression of heat shock proteins 70 and 90 as well as heat shock factor-1. In addition, hyperthermia induced significant effects on tight junction proteins, although it was independent of AMPK.

A pot-culture experiment was carried out to explore the phytotoxicity and accumulation of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in pakchoi (Brassica chinensis), as well as its potential risk. Zn was mainly accumulated in the shoots of pakchoi and showed the order of cell wall fraction > soluble fraction > organelles fraction. Endosomes were observed in roots cell by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and it is proving that endocytosis is a possible way for NPs to enter the cells. The results showed that higher concentration of ZnO NPs treatments resulted in an increase in the content of photosynthetic pigments and malondialdehyde (MDA), Catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity, while the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD) decreased significantly compared with the control. These changes suggest that the mechanism of ZnO NPs phytotoxicity may induce strongly oxidative stress and damage biomembrane. Generally, ZnO NPs had a similar impact on the growth and absorption of Zn in pakchoi with Zn2+. Simultaneously, the treatment of ZnO NPs affected the nutritional quality and food safety of pakchoi at high concentration.

In order to improve the seismic effect of large-scale public building architecture design, this paper studies the large-scale public building architecture design with the support of seismic structure simulation technology and improves the large-scale public building architecture design effect through simulation research. Furthermore, on the basis of the construction of the seismic performance evaluation system and the determination of the index weight, this paper assigns the index data to the sample table of the seismic performance checklist and establishes the seismic performance evaluation model based on the gray fixed-weight clustering method. Furthermore, using the seismic structure modeling technique described in this study, this paper assesses the seismic performance of public buildings. Finally, through experimental research, this paper verifies that the design method of large-scale public building architecture based on seismic structure simulation technology has certain practical effects.

China's building energy consumption accounts for 27.5% of China's total energy demand. This amount is increasing because of the considerable increase in the rate of household equipment mostly in air-conditioning systems. In this study, the TRNSYS simulation tool and improved Battle Royal optimizer (IBRO) is coupled for energy optimization of the building based on the simulation to study the impact of the overhangs optimization. The thermal comfort enhancement is evaluated in three case studies of three different weather conditions in China. To validate the achieved results, a comparison of the optimum values with benchmark cases is performed with consideration of heating and cooling demands, and yearly discomfort percentage. According to the achievements, an improvement can be seen in the comfort level. Also, the cooling demand is decreased by 4.2% for Shanghai. K E Y W O R D Sadaptive model, thermal comfort, improved Battle Royal optimizer, simulation-based optimization, thermal comfort, TRNSYS INTRODUCTIONBuildings use more than 30% of the overall energy demand worldwide, with estimates for increases in this portion because of urbanization, changes in weather conditions, and further living comfort standards. 1 In China, the rate of urbanization has been increased from 37.7% to 55.0% from the year 2001 to 2014. 2 Generally, the building's energy consumption is defined by the behavior of occupants, size of the building, climate, interior environment, building performance, building envelope, and service systems of the building. 3 Designing energy-effective buildings is essential. For achieving energy-savings in buildings, energy-effective strategies can be performed. [4][5][6] The equipment rate in heating and cooling devices is multiplying, then, the consumption of energy for heating and cooling is increasing. [7][8][9][10][11][12] Application of outer shading devices can be an efficient policy to decrease the cooling demand because it can keep the building from overheating from the solar resource through fenestrations in hot weather conditions. 13 Different papers have studied the shading devices' impact on enhancing the thermal operation and the comfort level of occupants in the literature. For example, in Reference 14, the impact of shading devices on the occupants' thermal comfort in a cross-ventilated office case for altering interior airflow speeds in hot seasons has been studied. The results indicated that the element placed on the façade and geometry are two important factors that affect the performance of shading devices on the occupants' thermal comfort.In Reference 15, a BIM-based technique has been proposed to give an automatic evaluation of the envelopes OTTVs of an office building. In this paper, developed visual scripting and BIM are integrated to obtain physical and thermal properties to confirm the calculation of thermal transfer amount. 16 This system gives a useful decision support system for decision-makers 17 to choose a proper material of envelope to obtain an optimal OTTV to optimize the en...

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