The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of three-year subcutaneous SQ-standardized specific immunotherapy (SCIT) in house dust mite (HDM)-allergic children with asthma. Ninety children with allergic asthma to HDMs, with or without allergic rhinitis, were randomly divided into two groups, the treatment group and the control group. The treatment group received SCIT combined with standardized glucocorticoid management and the control group received standardized glucocorticoid management alone for a period of three years. The mean daily dose of inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs), a four-week diary recording the symptom scores of asthma, peak expiratory flow (PEF) measurements, skin prick test results and serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were assessed prior to treatment and following one, two and three years of treatment. The median dose of ICS was reduced in the treatment group after two and three years of treatment compared with that of the control group. After three years of treatment, the discontinuation percentage of ICS in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group. The treatment group demonstrated significantly reduced daytime and night-time asthmatic symptom scores, increased PEF values and reduced serum IgE levels after two and three years of treatment compared with those in the control group (P<0.05). In conclusion, three-year SCIT treatment combined with ICS is an effective immunotherapy for children with allergic asthma and resulted in a reduction of the required ICS dose.

BackgroundThe prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) increased rapidly in the last 20 years. Although related research has developed rapidly, little is known about its etiology, diagnostic marker, or drug treatment, which forces researchers to review and summarize its development process and look for the future development direction.MethodsWe used bibliometrics to analyze papers of ASD in the Web of Science from 1998 to 2021, to draw the network of authors, institutions, countries, and keywords in the ASD field, and visualize the results.ResultsA total of 40,597 papers were included with a continually increasing trend. It turns out that the research on ASD is mainly concentrated in universities. The United States has the largest number of ASD studies, followed by England and Canada. The quality of papers related to ASD is generally high, which shows that ASD research has become a hot spot of scientific research. The keywords of ASD etiology and diagnostic markers can be classified into at least 7 aspects. The detection of keywords shows that ASD research is mostly based on its subtypes, takes children as the study population, focuses on neurodevelopmental imaging or genetics, and pays attention to individual differences. And ASD research has changed greatly under the impact of Corona Virus Disease 2019 in the past 2 years.ConclusionWe consider the future development direction should be based on the improvement of case identification, accurate clinical phenotype, large-scale cohort study, the discovery of ASD etiology and diagnostic markers, drug randomized controlled trials, and telehealth.

The surface-modified zinc oxide quantum dots (ZnO QDs) have broad application prospects in the field of biomedicine because of their good water solubility, dispersibility, and high fluorescence stability. The alkali bases play important roles in controlling the morphology, size distribution, dispersity, and fluorescence intensity of the synthesized ZnO QDs. In this article, ZnO QDs were synthesized to induce hydrolysis–condensation reaction. The influences of alkali bases (LiOH, NaOH, and KOH) and the ratio of n(Zn2+):n(OH−) on the properties of synthesized ZnO QDs were investigated. The results show that the particle size of the ZnO QDs prepared using LiOH and NaOH as raw materials are smaller than that using KOH. ZnO QDs prepared at the ratio of n(Zn2+):n(LiOH) = 1:1 have the best fluorescence performance and dispersibility.

As a clinical subtype of SWI/SNF‐related intellectual disability syndromes, Nicolaides–Baraitser syndrome (NCBRS, OMIM601358) has a unique genotype–phenotype. Due to the scarcity of the number of cases reported and the limitations of diagnosis methods, so far only more than 80 cases have been reported worldwide. In this article, a new patient with a de novo mutation was followed up for 10 years; it includes the epilepsy treatment process, the characteristics of NBCRS with seizures, typical faces, sparse hair, prominent interphalangeal joints, and intellectual disability, and we also summarized the genotype–phenotype of the 80 reported cases for comparison. Due to insufficient studies and lack of attention paid to the syndrome, it is believed that the actual number of cases should be far more than the reported number. The syndrome is phased and progressive. The genotype–phenotype correlation of the disease is related to the location of the gene locus, especially closely related to the SNF2 ATPase domain. Conclusions The understanding of NCBRS is lagging, we need to strengthen the screening process of the phenotypic disease with intellectual disability, and perfecting multiple types of diagnostic techniques will help the discovery of the disease; its clinical features are staged and are slowly progressive, and long‐term prognosis must be taken precautious with long‐term follow‐up required.