Our results do not support MF as the explanation for observed associations between occupational titles and MND. Disease misclassification, particularly for AD, and imprecise exposure assessment affected most studies.

Background Information on U.S. COVID-19 mortality rates by occupation is limited. We aimed to characterize 2020 COVID-19 fatalities among working Californians to inform preventive strategies. Methods We identified laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 fatalities with dates of death in 2020 by matching death certificates to the state’s COVID-19 case registry. Working status for decedents aged 18–64 years was determined from state employment records, death certificates, and case registry data and classified as “confirmed working,” “likely working,” or “not working.” We calculated age-adjusted overall and occupation-specific COVID-19 mortality rates using 2019 American Community Survey denominators. Results COVID-19 accounted for 8,050 (9.9%) of 81,468 fatalities among Californians 18–64 years old. Of these decedents, 2,486 (30.9%) were matched to state employment records and classified as “confirmed working.” The remainder were classified as “likely working” (n = 4,121 [51.2%]) or “not working” (n = 1,443 [17.9%]) using death certificate and case registry data. Confirmed and likely working COVID-19 decedents were predominantly male (76.3%), Latino (68.7%), and foreign-born (59.6%), with high school or less education (67.9%); 7.8% were Black. The overall age-adjusted COVID-19 mortality rate was 30.0 per 100,000 workers (95% confidence interval [CI], 29.3–30.8). Workers in nine occupational groups had age-adjusted mortality rates higher than this overall rate, including those in farming (78.0; 95% CI, 68.7–88.2); material moving (77.8; 95% CI, 70.2–85.9); construction (62.4; 95% CI, 57.7–67.4); production (60.2; 95% CI, 55.7–65.0); and transportation (57.2; 95% CI, 52.2–62.5) occupations. While occupational differences in mortality were evident across demographic groups, mortality rates were three-fold higher for male compared with female workers and three- to seven-fold higher for Latino and Black workers compared with Asian and White workers. Conclusion Californians in manual labor and in-person service occupations experienced disproportionate COVID-19 mortality, with the highest rates observed among male, Latino, and Black workers; these occupational group should be prioritized for prevention.

The lack of a clear pattern of EMF exposure and outcome risk does not support a hypothesis that these exposures are responsible for the observed excess risk. Findings were not sensitive to assumptions, influential studies, weighting schemes, publication bias, study characteristics, or funding source.

Background: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (alS) has been consistently related to "electric occupations," but associations with magnetic field levels were generally weaker than those with electrical occupations. exposure to electric shock has been suggested as a possible explanation. Furthermore, studies were generally based on mortality or prevalence of alS, and studies often had limited statistical power. Methods: Using two electric shock and three magnetic field jobexposure matrices, we evaluated the relationship of occupational magnetic fields, electric shocks, electric occupations, and incident alS in a large population-based nested case-control study in Sweden. Subanalyses, specified a priori, were performed for subjects by gender and by age (less than and more than 65 years). Results: Overall, we did not observe any associations between occupational magnetic field or electric shock exposure and alS. For individuals less than 65 years old, high electric shock exposure was associated with an odds ratio (Or) of 1.22 (95% confidence interval [ci] = 1.03, 1.43). the corresponding result for the age group 65 years or older was Or = 0.92 (95% ci = 0.81, 1.05). results were similar regardless which job exposure matrices, exposure definitions, or cutpoints were used. For electric occupations, Ors were close to unity, regardless of age. For welders, no association was observed overall, although for welders <65 years the Or was 1.52 (95% ci = 1.05, 2.21). Conclusions: in this very large population-based study based on incident alS case subjects, we did not confirm previous observations of higher risk of alS in electrical occupations, and provided only weak support for associations between electric shocks and alS.

The aerosol application of a pesticide in the confined space of an aircraft cabin poses a hazard to flight attendants. Nontoxic alternative methods, such as air curtains, should be used to minimize disease vector importation via aircraft cabins. Employers should mitigate flight attendant pesticide exposure in the interim.