Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how the knowledge breadth and depth and the balance of the two affect various dimensions of the innovation performance under the consideration of the organizational slack as a moderating factor of the analysis framework. Design/methodology/approach – This study constructs and verifies a research model of knowledge breadth and depth to the explorative and exploitative innovation performance, using the exploratory factor analysis and the hierarchical regression analysis based on a survey sample of 320 Chinese companies. Findings – The knowledge base is a critical foundation for improving innovation performance of an enterprise. A more detailed analysis reveals that first knowledge breadth provides more benefits for explorative innovation performance while the knowledge depth is more advantageous to exploitative innovation performance of an organization. Second, organizational slack can positively facilitate the improvement of the knowledge depth for the explorative innovation performance while an optimal balance of the knowledge breadth and depth can significantly enhance exploitative innovation performance. Originality/value – This paper contributes to previous research work by providing both specific comparative studies and a clear explanation of the impacts of different dimensions of the knowledge base, i.e., knowledge breadth and knowledge depth, on innovation performance measures of both exploration and exploitation through a comprehensive empirical study. In particular, organizational slack is found to play a much more complicated moderation role between the knowledge base and the two different dimensions of innovation performance than has been demonstrated in previous research.

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In the Pacific Northwest, warming climate has resulted in a lengthened growing season, declining snowpack, and earlier timing of spring runoff. This study characterizes the impact of climate change in two basins in Idaho, the Spokane River and the Boise River Basins. We simulated the basin scale hydrology by coupling the downscaled precipitation and temperature outputs from a suite of global climate models and the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), between 2010 and 2060 and assess the impacts of climate change on water resources in the region. Precipitation and Temperature projections between 2010 and 2060 exhibited a wide range. For the Boise River basin, changes in precipitation ranged between -3.8 % and 36%. Changes in temperature were expected to be between 0.02 and 3.9 °C. In the Spokane River region, changes in precipitation were expected to be between -6.7% and 17.9 %. Changes in temperature appeared ranging between 0.1 and 3.5 °C over a period of next five decades between 2010 and 2060. In the Boise River basin, change in peak flows (March through June) were projected to range between -58 to +106 m 3 /s and for the Spokane River basin the range was expected to be between -198 m 3 /s and + 88 m 3 /s. Both the basins exhibited substantial variability in precipitation, evapotranspiration and recharge estimates. A range of possible hydrologic impacts at a local scale was expected to enable the stakeholders with possible options in their decision-making process.

In arid regions, an oasis plays an important role. It is nearly the only support of living and economic development for the local people. In recent years, the recession of the oasis areas appeared to be significant in Northwest China. It caused a series of environmental problems and part of the area even became the source of sandstorms. In this article, the long-term vegetation change of the Ejina Oasis, which is located in the downstream area of the Heihe River basin, was analyzed based on remote sensing data. The quantitative relationship between the runoff of the Heihe River and the vegetation change of the Ejina Oasis from 1989 to 2006 was established using Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) timeseries. The vegetation growth of the Ejina Oasis depends on the runoff of the Heihe River. The time lag of the impact of the runoff on the vegetation of the Ejina Oasis is 1 year. The smallest water amount that can sustain the demand of the ecoenvironment of the Ejina area was estimated. The result can serve as a reference for decision-making processes at the government level, finally allowing for a better allocation of water resources in the Heihe River basin.