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This commentary highlights the findings by Mai, et al. that ironomycin, derivatives of salinomycin, exhibited more potent and selective therapeutic activity against breast cancer stem cells by accumulating and sequestering iron in lysosome, followed by an iron-mediated lysosomal production of reactive oxygen species and an iron-dependent cell death. These unprecedented findings identified iron homeostasis and iron-mediated processes as potentially druggable in the context of cancer stem cells.

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Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) are the enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of monoamines, such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin, which serve as key neurotransmitters in the central nervous system (CNS). MAOs play important roles in maintaining the homeostasis of monoamines, and the aberrant expression or activation of MAOs underlies the pathogenesis of monoamine neurotransmitter disorders, including neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. Clearly, detecting and inhibiting the activities of MAOs is of great value for the diagnosis and therapeutics of these diseases. Accordingly, many specific detection probes and inhibitors have been developed and substantially contributed to basic and clinical studies of these diseases. In this review, progress in the detecting and inhibiting of MAOs and their applications in mechanism exploration and treatment of neurotransmitter‐related disorders is summarized. Notably, how the detection probes and inhibitors of MAOs were developed has been specifically addressed. It is hoped that this review will benefit the design of more effective and sensitive probes and inhibitors for MAOs, and eventually the treatment of monoamine neurotransmitter disorders.