We present a new large-scale multilingual video description dataset, VATEX 1 , which contains over 41, 250 videos and 825, 000 captions in both English and Chinese. Among the captions, there are over 206, 000 English-Chinese parallel translation pairs. Compared to the widely-used MSR-VTT dataset [66], VATEX is multilingual, larger, linguistically complex, and more diverse in terms of both video and natural language descriptions. We also introduce two tasks for video-and-language research based on VATEX:(1) Multilingual Video Captioning, aimed at describing a video in various languages with a compact unified captioning model, and (2) Video-guided Machine Translation, to translate a source language description into the target language using the video information as additional spatiotemporal context. Extensive experiments on the VATEX dataset show that, first, the unified multilingual model can not only produce both English and Chinese descriptions for a video more efficiently, but also offer improved performance over the monolingual models. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the spatiotemporal video context can be effectively utilized to align source and target languages and thus assist machine translation. In the end, we discuss the potentials of using VATEX for other video-and-language research. * Equal contribution. 1 VATEX stands for Video And TEXt, where X also represents various languages.

Background Heart failure (HF) is a major health burden worldwide. However, there is no nationwide epidemiological data on HF in China after 2000. The aims of this study are (i) to determine the prevalence of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and HF (with reduced, mid‐range, and preserved ejection fraction) in a nationally representative Chinese population, and (ii) to investigate the treatment and control of hypertension in HF patients. Methods and results Data from the China Hypertension Survey (CHS) and 22 158 participants were eligible for analysis in this study. For each participant, a self‐reported history of HF and any other cardiovascular diseases was acquired. Two‐dimensional and Doppler echocardiography was used to assess LV dysfunction. Overall, 1.3% (estimated 13.7 million) of the Chinese adult population aged ≥35 years had HF, 1.4% of participants had LV systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction <50%), and 2.7% were graded as having ‘moderate’ or ‘severe’ LV diastolic dysfunction. The weighted prevalence of HF was similar between urban and rural residents (1.6% vs. 1.1%, P = 0.266), and between men and women (1.4% vs. 1.2%, P = 0.632). In addition, among HF patients with hypertension, 57.7% received antihypertensive medication, and 14.5% had their blood pressure controlled <140/90 mmHg. Conclusions In summary, there was an increase in the prevalence of HF, and LV dysfunction was very common in China. However, treatment and control of hypertension in participants with HF were low. Clinical trial registration number: ChiCTR‐ECS‐14004641.

Following the analysis on linear spectra of shear Alfvén fluctuations excited by energetic particles (EPs) in the Divertor Tokamak Test (DTT) facility plasmas [T. Wang et al., Phys. Plasmas 25, 062509 (2018)], in this work, nonlinear dynamics of the corresponding mode saturation and the fluctuation induced EP transport is studied by hybrid magnetohydrodynamic-gyrokinetic simulations. For the reversed shear Alfvén eigenmode driven by magnetically trapped EP precession resonance in the central core region of DTT plasmas, the saturation is mainly due to radial decoupling of resonant trapped EPs. Consistent with the wave-EP resonance structure, EP transport occurs in a similar scale to the mode width. On the other hand, passingEP transport is analyzed in detail for toroidal Alfvén eigenmode in the outer core region, with mode drive from both passing and trapped EPs. It is shown that passing EPs experience only weak redistributions in the weakly unstable case; and the transport extends to meso-scale diffusion in the strongly unstable case, due to orbit stochasticity induced by resonance overlap. Here, weakly/strongly unstable regime is determined by Chirikov condition for resonance overlap. This work then further illuminates rich and diverse nonlinear EP dynamics related to burning plasma studies, and the capability of DTT to address these key physics.

Background: Inflammatory response after myocardial infarction (MI) is essential for cardiac healing, whereas excessive and prolonged inflammation extends the infarction and promotes adverse cardiac remodeling. Understanding the mechanistic insight of these tightly controlled inflammatory processes has a significant impact on post-MI recovery and therapy. Here, we uncover the critical role of small GTPase RhoE in post-MI recovery and its clinical implication. Methods: Three genetic mouse lines are used: global RhoE knockout, cardiomyocyte-specific RhoE heterozygous, and cardiomyocyte-specific RhoE overexpression mice. A set of molecular signaling experiments, including bimolecular fluorescence complementation, immunoprecipitation, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and mRNA microarray analysis, were conducted. Permanent ligation of the left anterior descending artery was performed, followed by the assessments of cardiac function, inflammation, and survival in the first week after MI. Finally, we examined the correlation of the expression levels of RhoE in MI patient heart and patient prognosis. Results: RhoE deficiency turns on a group of proinflammatory gene expressions in mouse heart. Mice with cardiomyocyte-specific haploinsufficiency exhibit excessive inflammatory response with deleterious cardiac function after MI. A profound increase in nuclear factor-κB activity is detected in the mutant heart and the isolated cardiomyocytes. We further find that the expression of RhoE is upregulated in response to MI. Mechanistically, RhoE interacts with p65 and p50 individually in cytosol and blocks their nuclear translocation. RhoE also occupies the dimerization domain of p65 and subsequently disrupts the heterodimerization between p65 and p50. Cardiac RhoE overexpression inhibits nuclear factor-κB activity, restrains post-MI inflammation, and improves cardiac function and survival. Consistently, we find that the expression level of RhoE is elevated in the heart of patients with MI and that the patients with a higher expression level of RhoE exhibit a better prognosis in cardiac function recovery. Conclusions: The study uncovers RhoE as a new fine-tuning factor modulating MI-induced inflammation and promoting injured heart recovery. RhoE may serve as a new potential biomarker for the assessment of MI patient prognosis. Manipulation of RhoE could be as a potential therapeutic approach for MI and other inflammatory diseases.

BackgroundThe incidence of young coronary heart disease (CHD, ≤45 years) in China is increasing. Secondary prevention to counter this trend is an important contemporary public health issure.MethodsA total of 5288 patients (≤45 years) diagnosed with CHD and hospitalized at the Chinese PLA General Hospital and Anzhen Hospital, both in Beijing, were enrolled after satisfying the inclusion criteria.ResultsYoung CHD patients increased in number from 2010 to 2014, especially men. Among the studied patients, there was no significant change over those years in blood pressure, but heart rate increased significantly (P < 0.05) and body mass index showed a rising trend (P > 0.05). The incidence of hypertension increased from 40.7 to 47.5%, diabetes from 20.3 to 26.1%, and hyperlipidemia from 27.3 to 35.7% (P < 0.05). However, the incidences of smoking and drinking both trended downward (P < 0.05). The levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides also showed a downward trend (P < 0.05), as did levels of low-density lipoprotein, but not to the point of statistical significance (P > 0.05). Mortality during hospitalization decreased significantly from 2010 to 2014 (P < 0.05), but there was no significant improvement in the incidences of cardiac death and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after 1-year follow-up (P > 0.05).ConclusionsOver the 5 years studied, the overall incidence of cardiac death and MACE for young CHD patients (≤45 years) has shown little improvement. Secondary prevention of young CHD, and its risk factors, as well as appropriate courses of medical treatment must be further elucidated.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12872-016-0458-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.