Objective. To investigate the anesthesia effect of remifentanil combined with propofol for laparoscopic cholecystectomy and its impact on postoperative cognitive recovery. Methods. A total of 120 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy in our hospital from February 2019 to June 2021 were recruited and assigned into either control group or experimental group at a ratio of 1 : 1 via the random number table method. The patients in the control group were anesthetized with fentanyl combined with propofol, and the patients in the experimental group were anesthetized with remifentanil combined with propofol. The clinical basic indicators (extubation time, recovery time, breathing recovery time, and orientation recovery time), and observer’s assessment of awareness/sedation (OAA/S) scores and complications were compared between the two groups. Results. There was no significant difference in extubation time between the two groups ( P > 0.05 ). The postoperative wake-up time, respiratory recovery time, and orientation recovery time of the experimental group were significantly better than those of the control group ( P   < 0.05 ). The OAA/S scores of the patients in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group immediately after surgery, 1 h after surgery, and 3 h after surgery ( P   < 0.05 ). There was no significant difference in the OAA/S scores between the two groups on the 1st day after operation ( P > 0.05 ). The incidence of complications in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group ( P   < 0.05 ). Conclusion. Remifentanil + propofol for laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients has a significant anesthesia effect. This strategy effectively shortens the extubation, awakening, respiratory recovery, orientation recovery time of patients, and OAA/S score, suggest a minor impact on the postoperative cognitive function and state of consciousness. It has a high safety profile and thus is worthy of clinical application.