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It is necessary to install a damping energy absorbing structure for a certain type of naval gun test shell without projectile belt. Applicable high-performance dampers currently include viscoelastic colloidal damper and magnetorheological damper, and two kinds of special dampers for test shells have been designed and manufactured. In order to evaluate the mechanical properties of these two dampers under dynamic impact, a one-way coupling numerical method was proposed for simulation and analysis. Quasistatic experiments were used to verify the model based on magnetic field finite element (FE) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The model is also characterized by passive dynamic mesh and userdefined functions (UDF) based on C language. The results showed that the CFD models of both dampers were accurate. Though the colloidal damper is simpler in structure and lower in the cost, the MR damper has more significant damping and higher energy absorption ratio under impact. Compared with colloidal damper, MR damper is characterized by long working time, multiple vortices, chaotic streamlines and more uniform temperature distribution. When the power was continuously applied, the velocity of the impacted MR damper dropped to zero within 80ms, and the piston finally stopped at a stroke of 1.3mm. The colloidal damper reset within 8ms, and the reset velocity was 1.1m/s. In this study, the performance evaluation results of the two dampers were obtained, and the latest numerical methods for the mechanical performance analysis of colloidal dampers and MR dampers under dynamic impact were provided.