Alloying is an important strategy for the design of catalytic materials beyond pure metals. The conventional alloy catalysts however lack precise control over the local atomic structures of active sites. Here we report on an investigation of the active-site ensemble effect in bimetallic Pd–Au electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction. A series of Pd@Au electrocatalysts are synthesized by decorating Au nanoparticles with Pd of controlled doses, giving rise to bimetallic surfaces containing Pd ensembles of various sizes. Their catalytic activity for electroreduction of CO2 to CO exhibits a nonlinear behavior in dependence of the Pd content, which is attributed to the variation of Pd ensemble size and the corresponding tuning of adsorption properties. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the Pd@Au electrocatalysts with atomically dispersed Pd sites possess lower energy barriers for activation of CO2 than pure Au and are also less poisoned by strongly binding *CO intermediates than pure Pd, with an intermediate ensemble size of active sites, such as Pd dimers, giving rise to the balance between these two rate-limiting factors and achieving the highest activity for CO2 reduction.

An in situ quantitative tensile testing platform is developed to enable the uniform in-plane loading of a freestanding membrane of 2D materials inside a scanning electron microscope. The in situ tensile testing reveals the brittle fracture of large-area MoSe crystals and measures their fracture strength for the first time.

Development of platinum group metal (PGM)-free and iron-free catalysts for the kinetically sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is crucial for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. A major challenge is their insufficient performance and durability in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) under practical hydrogen-air conditions. Herein, we report an effective strategy to synthesize atomically dispersed Mn−N−C catalysts from an environmentally benign aqueous solution, instead of traditional organic solvents. This innovative synthesis method yields an extremely high surface area for accommodating an increased density of MnN 4 active sites, which was verified by using advanced electron microscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The Mn−N−C catalyst exhibits promising ORR activity along with significantly enhanced stability, achieving a peak power density of 0.39 W cm −2 under 1.0 bar H 2 -air condition in a MEA, outperforming most PGM-free ORR catalysts. The improved performance is likely due to the unique catalyst features, including the curved surface morphology and dominant graphitic carbon structure, thus benefiting mass transport and improving stability. The first-principles calculations further elucidate the enhanced stability, suggesting that MnN 4 sites have a higher resistance to demetallation than the traditional FeN 4 sites during the ORR.