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Green finance promotes the optimization of industrial structure and continuous improvement of ecological environment by supporting the development of green industries. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2012 to 2020, this paper uses the entropy weight TOPSIS method to measure the development level of green finance and the level of industrial structure optimization in China, and constructs a panel data model to empirically test the impact of green finance on the upgrading of China’s industrial structure. The study finds that there is still an imbalance and insufficiency in the development of green finance and industrial structure optimization in China. From 2012 to 2020, the development level of green finance and the level of industrial structure optimization in China have been continuously rising, but there is obvious heterogeneity, showing an eastern>central>western spatial pattern. Empirical analysis results show that at the significance level of 1‰, the development of green finance has a significant promoting effect on the rationalization and upgrading of the industrial structure. However, there is significant heterogeneity in the impact of green finance on industrial structure optimization. In terms of regional heterogeneity, at the significance level of 1‰, the role of green finance in promoting the optimization of industrial structure in central and western China is higher than that in eastern China, and the impact of green finance on China’s industrial structure shows a spatial pattern of western>central>eastern China. In terms of industry heterogeneity, at the significance level of 1‰, green finance has a significant promoting effect on the development of green industries, and a significant inhibiting effect on the development of high-energy-consuming industries. Specifically, in the green industry, green finance has the greatest promoting effect on the communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing industry; in the high-energy-consuming industry, green finance has the greatest inhibiting effect on the black metal smelting and rolling processing industry, and the smallest impact on the petroleum, coal and other fuel processing industry. Finally, based on this, policy suggestions for green finance to support the optimization of industrial structure are proposed from two dimensions: government and financial institutions.

China has the largest market potential in the world, but the resident consumption rate is relatively low. Releasing China’s consumption potential will contribute to the sustainable growth of China’s economy and the global economic recovery. Based on the supply of basic public services, this study analyzes the income and substitution effects of basic public services on residents’ consumption, with a view to finding channels and measures to stimulate residents’ consumption from the public sector. We first used the TOPSIS method of entropy weight to evaluate the public service level of 31 provinces in China, and then built a regression model to analyze the impact of public services on residents’ consumption, urban residents’ consumption, rural residents’ consumption, and the consumption gap between urban and rural residents. The study found that the improvement of public services has a significant positive effect on consumption, while public services also have a positive effect on narrowing the consumption gap between urban and rural residents, but the impact on urban and rural residents is different, and the positive effect on urban residents’ consumption is higher than that of rural residents. Based on the research results, this paper puts forward policy implications. On the one hand, we should increase the expenditure on basic public services, and on the other hand, we should optimize the layout of basic public services between urban and rural areas.