Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is an aggressive disease with high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of sirolimus for the treatment of progressive KHE. A multicenter, retrospective cohort study was conducted in patients with progressive KHE treated with sirolimus. A total of 52 patients were analyzed. Thirty-seven (71%) patients exhibited Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon (KMP) and were significantly younger than the patients without KMP [95% confidence interval (CI), 14.39-41.61; p < 0.001]. Patients without KMP were all treated with sirolimus alone, whereas 21 KMP patients with severe symptoms received short-term combination therapy with prednisolone. Overall, 96% and 98% of patients showed improved relief of notable symptoms and/or improved complications at 6 and 12 months after treatment, respectively. After sirolimus treatment, significant decreases in mean severity scores occurred at 6 months (95% CI, 2.23-2.54, p < 0.001) and 12 months (95% CI, 1.53-1.90, p < 0.001). Compared to KMP patients, patients without KMP showed a response that was similar to but less pronounced during the 12 months of treatment (95% CI, 40.87-53.80; p < 0.001). For subgroup analysis of KMP patients, there were no significant differences in tumor shrinkage between those treated with combination therapy and those receiving sirolimus alone (95% CI, 18.11-25.02; p > 0.05). No patients permanently discontinued treatment due to toxicity-related events, and no drug-related deaths occurred. Sirolimus was effective and safe for the treatment of progressive KHE. Sirolimus may be considered as a first-line therapy or as part of a multidisciplinary approach for the treatment of KHE.

We report metallurgy on the nanoscale to generate metal nanoparticles and their simultaneous patterning in a single step. This is achieved by the self-reduction of porous metal–organic framework crystals using nanosecond pulsed laser irradiation. Metal nanoparticles of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, In, Bi, and Pb with uniform sizes (controllable between 3 to 200 nm) and gaps (as narrow as 2 nm) are produced by nine different metal–organic frameworks, where atomically dispersed non-noble metal ions are reduced and gathered across the pores. The instant light absorption and cooling at local positions by a laser allows for precise and efficient patterning of metal nanoparticles. This new method is suitable for device fabrication at a speed of 15 mm2 s–1 on glass, consuming only 1.5 W of power. A large variety of metal nanoparticle three-dimensional architectures are demonstrated, among which one architecture exhibits an enhanced plasmonic effect homogeneously across the entire pattern for the detection of molecules at an extremely low concentration (10–12 M). These architectures are extremely stable under air and humidity during production, use, and storage, without altering the oxidation state, for 6 months.

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