Summary Technologies for horizontal-well fracturing in China include multistaged fracturing and hydraulic jetting. As in many other parts of the world, this type of well stimulation employs mechanical zonal isolation or sand and polymer plugs. All of these technologies are used by us in a number of reservoirs, but they depend on the presence of newly targeted and intentionally perforated sections of horizontal wells that are not already perforated. However, because most horizontal wells in the mature Huabei oil field have been producing for a very long time and the perforations are all along the horizontal sections, it is practically impossible to use these technologies. To prevent multiple-fracture initiation in a given section, sealing-ball staged fracturing has been developed and used successfully in horizontal wells of the Huabei field. Three kinds of sealing balls—with densities of <1, 1, and >1 g/cc, respectively—are pumped between stages of fracturing. They can seal perforations 360° around the horizontal-well section. Higher-permeability zones are sealed off preferentially. Because staged fracturing can be carried out effectively without stopping the pumps while running ball sealers downhole, the process can be accomplished in a significantly shorter period of time than other techniques. And, because these sealing balls are made of wax, they can be dissolved and removed later by the oil produced from the formations. In this paper we present field case studies of staged hydraulic fracturing using ball sealers, and we demonstrate the success of this form of zonal isolation in both execution and especially postfracture well performance. We also provide guidelines for the effective length of horizontal-well section in which ball sealers can be used for zonal isolation.

Technologies for horizontal well fracturing in China include multi-staged fracturing and hydraulic jetting. As in many other parts of the world, this type of well stimulation employs mechanical zonal isolation or sand and polymer plugs. All of these technologies are used by us in a number of reservoirs but they depend on the presence of newly targeted and intentionally perforated sections of horizontal wells that are not already perforated. However, because most horizontal wells in the mature Huabei oilfield have been producing for a very long time and the perforations are all along the horizontal sections, it is practically impossible to use the technologies mentioned above. To prevent multiple fracture initiation in a given section, sealing-ball staged fracturing has been developed and has been used successfully in horizontal wells of the Huabei field. Three kinds of sealing balls, whose densities are <1, 1 and >1 g/cc, are pumped between stages of fracturing and they can seal perforations at 360° around the horizontal well section. Higher- permeability zones are sealed off preferentially. Because staged fracturing can be carried out effectively without stopping the pumps, while running ball sealers downhole, the process can be accomplished in a significantly shorter period of time than other techniques. In this paper we present field case studies of staged hydraulic fracturing using ball sealers and we demonstrate the success of this form of zonal isolation in both execution and, especially, post-fracture well performance. We also provide guidelines for the effective length of horizontal well section where ball sealers can be used for zonal isolation.

In order to make up for the lack of high temperature resistance, the high temperature seawater-based fracturing fluid with temperature 180℃ is developed with the self-developed high temperature seawater based frac agent HYCF-5 and its supporting seawater-based reversible cross joint agent HYCF-B, efficient chelating agent HYCF-S, high temperature stabilizer HYCF-C, performance regulator HYCF-D, anti-swelling agent HYAS-1, cleanup additive HYCF-F. Through the performance evaluation of the high temperature seawater-based fracturing fluid, the performance evaluation of high temperature seawater-based fracturing fluid and the performance research and evaluation of the high temperature seawater-based fracturing fluid, the correlation can be met by the standard of oil and gas industry standard SY/T 6376-2008 the technical conditions of fracturing liquid. At the same time, the paper shows the high suspension sand advantage and low damage mechanism of high temperature seawater-based fracturing fluid, and provides sufficient theoretical reference and technical support for the field application.