been developed to grow 1D C 60 crystals including template method, slow evaporation, precipitation, liquid/liquid interface precipitation (LLIP), volatile diffusion, and gel-assisted method in general. While early attempts to grow C 60 crystals resulted in various morphologies, it was the use of crystalline C 60 fibers that had attracted particular interest because of their outstanding properties with high surface area and low dimensionality. [14] Although some methods were used to grow 1D fullerene crystals, it is still a great challenge to grow them with tunable sizes owing to their naturally 0D structures. Thus, to develop a method for the controlled growth of 1D C 60 crystals is still challenging and demanding for its promising applications, e.g., photodetector.As a recently developed medium for crystal growth, supramolecular gels derived from low-molecular-mass gelators (LMMGs), are a typical class of soft materials in which gelator molecules can be assembled into dynamic 3D networks via cooperative noncovalent interactions. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] The gel matrix commonly entraps solvent molecules and prevents the macroscopic flow of the solvent within its networks. Sedimentation or aggregation of the crystals is suppressed in supramolecular gels and the arbitrary growths along faces in contact with the vessel walls or other crystals are also limited. Furthermore, the supramolecular gel could act as an inert matrix repressing heterogenous nucleation and making homogenous nucleation dominant. Or it affords an activated gel As a superstar organic semiconductor, fullerene (C 60 ) is versatile in nature for its multiple photoelectric applications. However, owing to its natural 0D structure, a challenge still remains unbeaten as to growth of 1D fullerene crystals with tunable sizes. Herein, reported is an efficient approach to grow C 60 as super-long crystalline fibers with tunable lengths and diameters in supramolecular gel by synergic changes of anti-solvent, gel length, crystallization time or fullerene concentration. As a result, the crystalline C 60 fibers can be modulated to as long as 70 mm and 70 000 in their length-to-width ratio. In this case, the gel 3D network provides spatial confinements for the growth of 1D crystal along the directional dispersion of anti-solvent. The fabricated fullerene device exhibits high responsivity (2595.6 mA W -1 ) and high specific detectivity (2.7 × 10 12 Jones) at 10 V bias upon irradiation of 400 nm incident light. The on/off ratio and its quantum efficiency are near to 540 and about 800%, respectively, and importantly, its photoelectric property remains very stable after storage in air for six months. Therefore, spatially confined growth of fullerene in supramolecular gels will be another crucial strategy to synthesize 1D semiconductor crystals for photoelectrical device applications in near future. 1D Fullerene CrystallizationAs a typical 0D carbon-based material, fullerene (C 60 ) is one of the important organic semiconductors and is versatile in nature on a...

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Interfacial adhesion under extreme conditions has attracted increasing attention owing to its potential application of stopping leakages of oil or natural gas. However, interfacial adhesion is rarely stable at ultralow temperatures and in organic solvents, necessitating the elucidation of the molecular-level processes. Herein, we used the intermolecular force-control strategy to prepare four linear polymers by tuning the proportion of hydrogen bonding and the number of electrostatic sites. The obtained polymeric ion liquids displayed strong dynamic adhesion at various interfaces. They also efficiently tolerated organic solvents and ultracold temperatures. Highly reversible rheological behaviors are observed within a thermal cycle between high and ultracold temperatures. Temperature-dependent infrared spectra and theoretical calculation reveal thermal reversibility and interfacial adhesion/debonding processes at the molecular level, respectively. This intermolecular force-control strategy may be applied to produce environmentally adaptive functional materials for real applications.

Development of supramolecular adhesives with strong tolerance to extreme conditions has emerged as an important research area. In this study, by balancing supramolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding interactions, electrostatic interactions, π-π stacking interactions, and cation-π interactions, we designed and prepared a series of two-component supramolecular adhesives derived from small organic molecules. Highly efficient interfacial adhesion with maximum adhesion strength of � 10.0 MPa was realized on various surfaces in air, organic solvents, or liquid nitrogen. Owing to balanced supramolecular interactions, water participation prolonged and increased the tolerance of the adhesives in extreme environments. We demonstrate that the combination of imidazole-based ionic liquids and phenols can be applied for various interfacial adhesions, thereby aiding the development of next-generation adhesives capable of adapting to various extreme conditions in a controlled manner.

Development of supramolecular adhesives with strong tolerance to extreme conditions has emerged as an important research area. In this study, by balancing supramolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding interactions, electrostatic interactions, π–π stacking interactions, and cation‐π interactions, we designed and prepared a series of two‐component supramolecular adhesives derived from small organic molecules. Highly efficient interfacial adhesion with maximum adhesion strength of ≈10.0 MPa was realized on various surfaces in air, organic solvents, or liquid nitrogen. Owing to balanced supramolecular interactions, water participation prolonged and increased the tolerance of the adhesives in extreme environments. We demonstrate that the combination of imidazole‐based ionic liquids and phenols can be applied for various interfacial adhesions, thereby aiding the development of next‐generation adhesives capable of adapting to various extreme conditions in a controlled manner.