In the present day, black holes have recently attracted a variety of attention. Black holes and gravitational waves were studied more than 100 years ago. From theoretical reasoning and formula derivation to detector observation, people never stop to explore these curious things. This paper mainly describes the essential information and principle of black holes, and gravitational waves, as well as the basic operation principle of LIGO detectors. The basic definition of gravitational wave and several sources of the gravitational wave is discussed in this paper. According to the analysis, the properties of waves can be used in detecting gravitational waves, as well as more hidden matter. In 1915, Einstein proposed the general theory of relativity, which foresaw the existence of black holes but did not believe that black holes were real. In the 1960s, American scientist John Wheeler first named this incredible celestial body black hole. The search for gravitational waves has had a profound impact on people. With gravitational waves, people can discover an unknown matter which can be studied and benefit humankind. These results shed light on guiding further exploration of dark energy, matters, and more black hole observations.