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Visual object tracking is an important research topic in the field of computer vision. Tracking–learning–detection (TLD) decomposes the tracking problem into three modules—tracking, learning, and detection—which provides effective ideas for solving the tracking problem. In order to improve the tracking performance of the TLD tracker, three improvements are proposed in this paper. The built-in tracking module is replaced with a kernelized correlation filter (KCF) algorithm based on the histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) descriptor in the tracking module. Failure detection is added for the response of KCF to identify whether KCF loses the target. A more specific detection area of the detection module is obtained through the estimated location provided by the tracking module. With the above operations, the scanning area of object detection is reduced, and a full frame search is required in the detection module if objects fails to be tracked in the tracking module. Comparative experiments were conducted on the object tracking benchmark (OTB) and the results showed that the tracking speed and accuracy was improved. Further, the TLD tracker performed better in different challenging scenarios with the proposed method, such as motion blur, occlusion, and environmental changes. Moreover, the improved TLD achieved outstanding tracking performance compared with common tracking algorithms.

The time delay caused by transmission in neurons is often ignored, but it is demonstrated by theories and practices that time delay is unavoidable. A new chaotic neuron model with time delay self-feedback is proposed based on Chen’s chaotic neuron. The bifurcation diagram and Lyapunov exponential diagram are used to analyze the chaotic characteristics of neurons in the model when they receive the output signals at different times. The experimental results exhibit that it has a rich dynamic behavior. In addition, the randomness of chaotic series generated by chaotic neurons with time delay self-feedback under different conditions is verified. In order to investigate the application of this model in image encryption, an image encryption scheme is proposed. The security analysis of the simulation results shows that the encryption algorithm has an excellent anti-attack ability. Therefore, it is necessary and practical to study chaotic neurons with time delay self-feedback.

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