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The low stability of hydrogen bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) greatly limit their practical application. Herein, we synthesized a sulfonate-containing HOF and further improved its stability by crosslinking its crystal particles...

Rechargeable Direct Carbon Fuel Cells (RDCFCs) use deposited pyrolytic carbon as fuel. With a batch-type charging system, the change in the amount of deposited carbon as a function of pyrolysis time was monitored in order to estimate the optimal pyrolysis time and to improve the propane-based fuel utilization. When the pyrolysis time was 5 min, the propane-based fuel utilization efficiency of RDCFCs was improved from 3% to 35% at a power density between 60-80 mW/cm 2 compared to previous RDCFCs. The improvement was due to a high conversion rate to carbon (73%) from propane to solid carbon caused by longer pyrolysis time. The effects of hydrogen in RDCFC power generation were also investigated because in the pyrolysis of hydrocarbon, hydrogen is also produced. Results indicate that existence of hydrogen seems to promote the utilization of solid carbon.