Active metasurfaces with dynamically switchable functionalities are highly in demands in various practical applications. In this paper, we experimentally present an active metasurface based on PIN diodes which can realize nearly perfect reflection, transmission and absorption in a single design. Such switchable functionalities are accomplished by controlling the PIN diodes integrated in both layers of the metasurface. A transmission line model is employed to further investigate the underlying mechanism of the metasurface. This proposal is confirmed by numerical simulations and experiments. As a novel metasurface with multiple switchable functionalities, our design may find some practical applications such as smart radomes.

Reconfigurable metasurfaces with versatile functionalities are highly demanded for various practical applications. In this paper, a varactor-based metasurface is proposed for dynamic and continuous modulation of reflection, transmission, and absorption in a single design. The proposed metasurface consists of a dielectric layer sandwiched by two metallic layers with different patterns, and varactors are loaded on both metallic layers. By controlling the bias voltages applied to the varactors, this metasurface can exhibit nearly full-range and continuous modulation of reflection, transmission, and absorption. Particularly, nearly perfect reflection, transmission, and absorption have been achieved by proper combinations of bias voltages. Coupled mode theory is further developed to offer a physical insight of the metasurface. The above concept is confirmed by numerical simulations and experiments in a microwave waveguide system. As this proposal concerns a metasurface with high degrees of freedom, it may find practical applications including radar cross-section reduction as well as smart radomes.

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