A graphene-based long-range surface plasmon polariton (LRSPP) hybrid waveguide, which is composed of two identical outer graphene nanoribbons and two identical inner silica layers symmetrically placed on both sides of a silicon layer, is investigated using the finite-difference time-domain method. By combining the simulated results with the coupled mode perturbation theory, we demonstrate that the LRSPP and short-range SPP (SRSPP) modes originate from the coupling of the same modes of the two graphene nanoribbons. For the LRSPP mode, an ultra-long propagation length (~10 μm) and an ultra-small mode area (~10A, where A is the diffraction-limited mode area) can be simultaneously achieved. This waveguide can be used for future photonic integrated circuits functional in the mid-infrared range.

We numerically and theoretically investigate the optical anisotropy of ultra-thin bilayer L-shaped metal metasurfaces separated by a 200-nm-thick silicon dioxide (SiO2) substrate spacer. A broadband asymmetric transmission (AT) to forward and backward propagate electromagnetic waves can be acquired from linearly polarized waves. Additionally, narrowband cross-polarization conversion (CPC) can be realized by x linearly polarized electromagnetic illumination. The calculated results demonstrate that the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of AT is 965 nm, and the maximum value of the asymmetric parameter can reach up to 0.48. The polarization conversion rate (PCR) for CPC is more than 80%.

Magnetospheric magnetosonic (MS) waves, also called "equatorial noise", generally occur in the frequency range between the proton gyrofrequency and the lower hybrid frequency with propagation directions perpendicular to the background magnetic field (

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