Most 1,4,5,8-naphthalenediimide (NDI) derivatives, especially those with mild π-acidity cannot achieve photoinduced electron-transfer (PET). Here we report our investigations on the binding interactions of a NDI diammonium dichloride salt (NDI·Cl2) with cucurbit[n]uril (CB[n], n = 8, 10) and the formation process of a NDI radical anion upon photoexcitation of the NDI derivative in the presence of CB[n] (n = 8, 10). As a comparison, the influence of CB[7] on the PET process was also evaluated. The results show that the NDI core can be partially or fully encapsulated in CB[8] or CB[10] to form inclusion complexes at molar ratios of 1 : 1 (CB[8]·NDI2+) or 1 : 2 (CB[10]·2NDI2+). In the presence of the host, quick formation of the NDI radical anion was observed with respect to no radical anion formation without the host. According to the spectral results, interesting CB[8]-promoted charge-transfer interactions between the NDI radical anion and NDI2+ are assumed during UV irradiation. Moreover, from the UV/Vis and EPR spectra, the observation of intense signals of the NDI radical anion in the presence of CB[10], could presumably be related to a much better stabilized NDI radical anion encapsulated in CB[10].

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The formation mechanism and morphology regulation mechanism of tubular ferrous oxalate were investigated by density functional theory. The calculation results showed that the pH value of the reaction solution changed from slightly alkaline to acidic was an important condition for the formation of tubular ferrous oxalate. The size and dispersion of ferrous oxalate can be controlled by introducing Na + and ethylene glycol (EG) into the reaction system. Guided by theoretical calculations, using sodium oxalate as material to guarantee the initial solution to be slightly basic, while also introducing Na + . Regular tubular ferrous oxalate was successfully obtained by using different ratios of EG and H 2 O as reaction solution and adjusting pH values at different stages, verified the rationality of the theoretical calculation results. The tubular ferric oxide was obtained by thermal decomposition using tubular ferrous oxalate as the precursor, and the electrochemical performance test results showed that this material is a potential electrode material for supercapacitors.