Myosin X (Myo X), an unconventional myosin with a tail homology 4-band 4.1/ezrin/radixin/moesin (MyTH4-FERM) tail, is expressed ubiquitously in various mammalian tissues. In addition to the full-length Myo X (Myo X FL), a headless form is synthesized in the brain. So far, little is known about the function of this motor-less Myo X. In this study, the role of the headless Myo X was investigated in immortalized gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal cells, NLT. NLT cells overexpressing the headless Myo X formed fewer focal adhesions and spread more slowly than the wild-type NLT cells and GFP-expressing NLT cells. In chemomigration assays, the NLT cells overexpressing the headless Myo X migrated shorter distances and had fewer migratory cells compared with the control NLT cells.
An Ni-P alloy coating was obtained by electrodeposition on a 45 carbon steel substrate. The surface appearance of the coating was characterised by Hitachi S-4800 scanning electron microscope. The electrodeposition behaviour was investigated using electrochemical methods. The results showed that the Ni-P alloy coating was dense and smooth. The electrodeposition of the Ni-P alloy followed the mechanism of three-dimensional nucleation and subsequent grain growth. The main deposition process changed from heterogeneous nucleation/growth of Ni onto the 45 carbon steel substrate to heterogeneous nucleation/growth of Ni-P onto Ni film. There was low frequency scatter on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy plots, which can be attributed to the production of gas. With increasing negative bias voltage, the low frequency scatter became more obvious, and the charge transfer resistances Rct and Rp increased. K e y w o r d s : Electrodeposition, N i-P alloy, Polarisation © 2014 I n s t it u t e o f M a te ria ls , M in e r a ls a nd M in in g P u b lis h e d b y M a n e y on b e h a lf o f th e I n s titu t e R e ce ive d 22 F e b ru a ry 2014; a c c e p te d 22 A p r il 2014 DOI lo . 1 1 7 9 /174329 441 4Y .0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 9 1 S u r fa c e E n g in e e r in g S u rfa c e E n g in e e rin g 2 0 1 4 VOL 3 0 n o 8 5 6 1
To design the flow field of inner-spraying ball-end cathode in NC-ECM, the numerical model was bulit according to the physical model of the cathode flow channal, and the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method was applied to slove the numerical model. The velocity and pressure distributations were obtained. The influences of the cathode internal structure and the outlet shape on the velocity of electrolyte were analyzed on the basis of the numerical simulation. The relatively good simulation results were obtained by means of the optimization design of the cathode. Based on the experiment results, the accuracy of simulation was verified, and the correction number of the design of the flow field was reduced in NC-ECM. It is indicated that the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method can be applied to simulate the flow field, and the optimization design of the cathode can be guided according to the results of simulation.
A preliminary study of Numerical Controlled Electrochemical Turning (NC-ECT) technology was presented in this paper. NC-ECT is suitable for machining revolving workpieces which are made of difficult-to-cut materials or have low rigidity, and it is difficult or expensive for machining these workpieces by use of traditional turning or traditional Electrochemical Machining (ECM) method. To carry out the study, an experimental setup was developed on the basis of a common lathe, and a kind of inner-spraying cathode with rectangle section outlet was designed according to the process of machining cylindrical surface. First, the NC-ECT method was simply described. Then, considering the structure of the cathode and the process of machining, the method for calculating the inter-electrode gap in machining the cylindrical surface was given. Finally, the experiments of machining the cylindrical surface were carried out. Experiments showed that the calculated inter-electrode gaps are well consistent with the actual value of the machining process, which decreases with the increase of the rotational speed of workpiece and increases almost linearly with the increase of the working voltage. Experiments also showed that the inter-electrode gap keeps a certain relationship with the working current, the inter-electrode gap can be controlled according to working current in the machining process.
In order to solve the difficult problem in analyzing the shaping law of numerical control electrochemical machining (NC-ECM) with ball-end cathode, the process simulation based on the finite element method (FEM) is used in this paper. First, the two-dimensional analysis model of the electric field in NC-ECM with ball-end tool-electrode built by use of ANSYS software was solved, and the current density distribution and the machined surface shape on the workpiece were obtained. Then, the experiments based on the simulation parameters were carried out, and the cutting depth values were measured. Finally, the accuracy of the simulation was verified by the comparison between the calculated values and the actual values. The experiments showed that the simulation method meets the accuracy of the engineering calculations in NC-ECM.
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