Bench-and pilot-scale successive multi-batch trials were conducted to investigate the performance and sustainability of fungal conditioning with Penicillium simplicissimum NJ12 for improving sludge dewatering. The dominant factors affecting the sludge dewaterability improvement by P. simplicissimum NJ12 were also identi ed. Fungal treatment with P. simplicissimum NJ12 at a volume fraction of 5% of the inoculum greatly improved the sludge dewaterability. This improvement was characterized by sharp decreases in the speci c resistance to ltration from 1.97 × 10 13 to 3.52 × 10 11 m/kg and capillary suction time from 32 to 12 s within 3 days. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed that a marked decrease (58.8%) in the protein content in slime extracellular polymeric substances and an increase in the zeta potential of the sludge (from − 35 to − 10 mV) were the most important factors that improved the dewaterability of sludge after fungal treatment. Consecutive processes of fungal treatment could be realized by recirculating the fungal-treated sludge with a recycling rate of 1:2 (V biotreated sludge /V total sludge ). The treatment effectiveness was maintained only over three successive cycles, but replenishment with fresh P. simplicissimum NJ12 would be provided periodically at set batch intervals. These ndings demonstrate the possibility of P. simplicissimum NJ12-assisted fungal treatment for enhancing sludge dewatering.

In this paper, the cement water reduction agent from modified lignosulfonate was synthesizd using a new process consisting of pre-oxidation, hydroxymethylation and sulfonation. The optimum synthesis conditions were identified: the oxidizing agent dosage is 15%, reaction temperature is 80-90oC, the dosage of formaldehyde is 30%, reaction temperature is about 95oC, pH is about 9.5. Fluidity of cement paste can be measured under the conditions of the addition of 0.25%, and the water-cement ratio is 0.4%. The results showed the modified lignosulfonate prepared under the above conditions had the better slushing performance. The fluidity of cement paste can reach 178 mm that is close to the high efficiency water reduction agent requirements.

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Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a detachable endoluminal balloon in the prevention of abdominal cavity contamination during transrectal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES). Methods The efficacy and safety of a detachable endoluminal balloon to maintain disinfection in the distal colon of the pigs were evaluated. The bacterial loads and colonic cleanliness were monitored. Additionally, the device was applied to another nine pigs that underwent a cholecystotomy by transrectal NOTES. Necropsy and pathological examination were performed after 28‐day follow‐up. Results All animals exposed to the device and one of the seven pigs not exposed to the device scored three points on the bowel cleanliness scale (P < 0.001). After 30 min bacterial loads of the test (with balloon occlusion) and control (without balloon occlusion) groups showed a significant difference (0.8 × 103 CFU/mL vs 186.8 × 103 CFU/mL, P < 0.01). Cholecystotomy by transrectal NOTES with the device was successfully performed. The mean intraperitoneal procedure time was 102.9 ± 37.7 min. There were no procedure‐related adverse events. During the follow‐up, all animals presented normal behavior and appetite. No peritoneal infection or adhesion was detected at autopsy. Cholecystotomy and rectal incision were histologically healed and no histological abnormalities were detected in the colon related to balloon placement. Conclusions The detachable balloon provides a reliable solution for preventing peritoneal contamination during transluminal operations. The technique may assist in future transrectal NOTES.

The influence of H2O2、addition of Fe2+、pH、reaction time and temperature to advanced treatment effect of printing and dyeing wastewater with Fenton oxidation was studied. The results showed that when the addition of H2O2(the concentration was 30%) was 3mL/L,the addition of FeSO4·7H2O was 1.6g/L,pH was 4,the temperature was about 30°C,reacting time was 35min,the COD removal efficiency achieved above 55%,COD of effluent was below 45mg/L.