Poly- l -lactic acid (PLLA) is a prospective renewable and degradable material, but slow crystallization limits its processing and application. By dehydration condensation of hydroxyl-terminated hyperbranched resin (H202) and carboxylated carbon nanotubes (CNTs), a modified CNT, CNTs-H202, was obtained. Grafting was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and the grafting content was assessed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Changes in surface atom content were explored by X-ray electron spectroscopy (XPS). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observed the increase of black dots on the surface of carbon nanotubes. PLLA/CNTs and PLLA/CNTs-H202 composites were prepared, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to investigate the crystallization behavior of the composites. The results showed that during the cooling process, PLLA/CNTs-H202 had a larger crystalline full width at half-maximum (FWHM) compared with PLLA/CNTs and exhibited the ability to hinder chain segment movement during the subsequent reheating process. The crystallization activation energy was calculated by the Kissinger method, and it was found that the activation energy of the carbon tube increased slightly after grafting. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) once again proved the improvement of the crystallization ability. The results of polarized optical microscopy (PLOM) showed that the number of crystal nuclei increased and the crystal became smaller.

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