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The exponential random graph model (ERGM) is an effective approach for testing the dynamic and local processes of a network. This paper explores the structure of stakeholders’ partnerships in a tourism waste management network using high-order dependency ERGMs based on relational data obtained from a field survey in Motuo County, China. The results reveal that (1) many edges have been formed in the observed network, which indicates the network is relatively tight; (2) the parameter of “Geometrically Weighted Edge Distribution” shows a high transitive effect of the network; (3) the structural effect is more significant than the attribute effect; and (4) the simulation model well fits the observed data, which reflects that the tourism waste network governance structure with close connection and collaborative division of labor has been formed in the case. These findings indicate that different groups of stakeholders have been extensively involved in tourism waste management in Motuo County. The edgewise shared partners formed by stakeholders of different groups increase the information transmission efficiency of the network. The results have implications for tourism waste management, specifically for promoting sustainability transitions via network governance.

The exponential random graph model (ERGM) is an effective approach for testing the dynamic and local processes of a network. This paper explores the structure of stakeholders' partnerships in a tourism waste management network using high-order dependency ERGMs based on relational data obtained from a eld survey in Motuo County, China. The results reveal that (1) many edges have been formed in the observed network, which indicates the network is relatively tight; (2) the parameter of "Geometrically Weighted Edge Distribution" shows a high transitive effect of the network; (3) the structural effect is more signi cant than the attribute effect; and (4) the simulation model well ts the observed data, which re ects that the tourism waste network governance structure with close connection and collaborative division of labor has been formed in the case. These ndings indicate that different groups of stakeholders have been extensively involved in tourism waste management in Motuo County. The edgewise shared partners formed by stakeholders of different groups increase the information transmission e ciency of the network. The results have implications for tourism waste management, speci cally for promoting sustainability transitions via network governance.