Retinoblastoma (RB) is a highly aggressive paediatric ophthalmological malignancy that commonly affects the eyes of children under 5 years old and is responsible for 5% of blindness in children. 1,2 Retinoblastoma initiation occurs with exceptionally high efficiency in response to the loss of functional pRB protein, which is encoded by the RB1 gene. 3 Retinoblastoma is derived from the immature

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a blinding eye disease, whose incidence strongly increases with ages. The etiology of AMD is complex, including aging, abnormal lipid metabolism, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) are essential for ocular structures and functions. This review summarizes the regulatory effects of LCPUFA on inflammation in AMD. LCPUFA are related to aging, autophagy and chronic inflammation. They are metabolized to pro-and anti-inflammatory metabolites by various enzymes. These metabolites stimulate inflammation in response to oxidative stress, causing innate and acquired immune responses. This review also discusses the possible clinical applications, which provided novel targets for the prevention and treatment of AMD and other age-related diseases.

In power system automatic generation control, the existence of the generation rate constraints (GRC) and the valve limit on the governor can greatly influence the dynamic responses of the power system. Model predictive control is a popular control strategy which takes systematic account of process input, state and output constraints, thereby is employed to load frequency control to cope with the GRC. The valve limit on the governor is modeled by a fuzzy model so that the local predictive controllers are incorporated into the nonlinear control system. The proposed methodology is tested with an interconnected power system. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed nonlinear constraint predictive control algorithm.

No abstract

No abstract