Glioma is a worldwide malignancy, which displays significantly active metastasis and angiogenesis. Interaction between long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) has been shown to play crucial role in regulating tumor properties. However, the potential of lncRNA X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) to function as a miRNA regulator and its relevance in glioma tumorigenicity and angiogenesis have so far remained unclear. Expression analysis of lncRNA XIST in glioma cells revealed its significant up-regulation. Interestingly, silencing of XIST repressed both metastatic and pro-angiogenic ability in vitro as well as in vivo. Subsequent studies revealed that lncRNA XIST expression inversely correlated with miR-429 expression in glioma cells; miR-429 modulated XIST expression by directly targeting the XIST gene sequence. In addition, miR-429 inhibitor restored metastatic and pro-angiogenic ability of gliomas abolished by silencing XIST. Our data provide insight into the key roles of the lncRNA-miRNA functional network in gliomas, which can aid in developing new therapeutic strategies for gliomas through clinical trials.

The photocatalytic degradation mechanism of an azo dye, C.I. Reactive Black 5 (RB5), has been investigated in an aqueous suspension of SrTiO3/CeO2 composite under 250 W UV irradiation at pH 12.0. The process was studied by monitoring the change in RB5 concentration and the intermediate products employing UV-visible spectrophotometry, ion chromatography (IC), and gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (GC/MS) techniques and depletion in total organic carbon (TOC) content as a function of irradiation time. The adsorption peaks at wavelengths of 600, 312, and 254 nm were identified as the chromophore structure, and the naphthalene and benzene components of RB5, respectively. Little influence of iodide ion, tert-butyl alcohol, fluoride ion, or persulfate ion as h(vb)+, *OH, or e(cb)- scavengers on the decolorization proved that the decolorization of RB5 primarily proceeded by photolysis and/or O2*- in the bulk solution. After the decolorization, the process could shift progressively from the bulk solution to the surface of the catalysts and cleavage of the naphthalene and benzene rings was mainly attributed to the h(vb)+ pathway and *OH(ads) reactions, which was further verified by the effect of scavengers.

In this work, we carried out direct numerical simulations in large channel domains and studied the kinematics and dynamics of fully localised turbulent bands at Reynolds number Re = 750. Our results show that the downstream end of the band features fast streak generation and travels into the adjacent laminar flow, whereas streaks at the upstream end continually and relatively more slowly decay. This asymmetry is responsible for the transverse growth of the band. We particularly investigated the mechanism of streak generation at the downstream end, which engines the growth of the band. We identified a spanwise inflectional instability associated with the local mean flow near the downstream end and our results strongly suggest that this instability is responsible for the streak generation and ultimately for the growth of the band. Based on our study, we propose a possible self-sustaining mechanism of fully localised turbulent bands at low Reynolds numbers in channel flow.

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Cubic ordered mesoporous yttrium phosphate (YPO 4 ) and lanthanide-doped yttrium phosphates (YPO 4 :Ln 3+ , Ln 3+ ¼ Eu 3+ , Tb 3+ and Ce 3+ ) have been synthesized successfully through the nanocasting route by employing the Y(NO 3 ) 3 :Ln(NO 3 ) 3 /H 3 PO 4 /HNO 3 system as a guest unit and KIT-6 silica as a hard template host, and their textural and structure properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electronic microscope and nitrogen adsorption at low temperature. The results show that the cubic ordered mesoporous YPO 4 and YPO 4 :Ln 3+ materials exhibit high surface area, large pore volume and uniform pore size distribution. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements exhibit their optical properties such as red, green and blue emission, and their PL intensities can be altered by the dopant Ln 3+ concentration, without the need for doping or grafting external fluorophore species.