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This article examines the critical factors and outcomes of coproduction in public service delivery. Three research questions are posed: What is the role of citizens in coproduction? What are the critical factors of coproduction? What are the outcomes of coproduction? The study aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the impact of coproduction by undertaking a systematic review. Traditional academic reviews are departed by examining policy and practice evidence that is drawn from 56 worldwide cases. Outcomes are identified that mainly concern the enhanced capacity of both organizations and individual participants, improved effectiveness of services, increased citizen engagement and citizen satisfaction. Evaluation of our review evidence is used to articulating a coproduction model that can inform theoretical developments in advancing coproduction research. In summary, it is suggested that coproduction can be a viable strategy in public services depending on the conditions and circumstances of the context. Implications and future research agenda are provided in conclusion.

The question whether small or large organizations are associated with the best public service performance has long been a subject of debate in public administration research, and has had profound ramifications for practice. This article seeks to bring clarity to this debate by conducting a meta-analysis of studies scrutinizing the relationship between organizational size and public service performance (45 articles, 122 effect sizes). Meta-analytical and metaregression results show mostly null findings. We discuss the circumstances in which organizational size matters for public service performance, and propose rekindling venerable research agendas about nonlinearity and contingency in the size-performance relationship.