A silicified seed cone is described from the lower Middle Triassic of A silicified seed cone is described from the lower Middle Triassic of Antarctica. The cone measures up to 3.4 cm long and 1.4 cm wide, and consists of helically arranged cone scales attached to a eustelic axis. Bract and ovuliferous scale are approximately of equal length and fused at the base. The bract is entire and vascularized by a single trace. The ovuliferous scale contains five distal lobes, each vascularized by a terete strand that divides to form a smaller trace to each of the five inverted ovules. Ovules are small and flattened with the three-parted integument attenuated into oppositely positioned lateral wings. The Triassic specimens are compared with both extant and fossil conifer seed cones and believed to have their closest affinities within the Taxodiaceae.

Compressed specimens of the fern Osmunda are described from the Triassic of the Allan Hills, Antarctica. The specimens consist of a once pinnate, deeply pinnatifid fertile frond as well as several sterile specimens. Six pinnae are present on the partial fertile rachis, with two sterile pinnae above four fertile pinnae. Both sterile and fertile specimens are virtually identical to the modern species Osmunda claytoniana. Entire fronds are fragmentary; the longest is 21 cm in length. Sterile pinnae are alternate and deeply pinnatifid, with slightly toothed pinnules and dichotomous venation. Fertile pinnae are 1-1.3 cm long, once pinnate, and lack vegetative lamina. Sporangia are clustered, each 300-375 um in diameter, and possess a transverse annulus 6-8 cells long; dehiscence is by a vertical slit. Fronds arise from a rhizome 4 cm long by 1 cm wide; two croziers are present on the rhizome. Two frond segments up to 6 cm long and three deeply pinnatifid pinnae are present on the uppermost part of one rachis. Pinnules are ~4 mm long and 2-3 mm wide. The presence of this Osmunda species in the Triassic demonstrates stasis of frond morphology, both fertile and vegetative, for the genus.

Compressed seed cones and pollen cones of Sewardiodendron laxum are described from the Middle Jurassic of Yima, Henan, central China. They are either organically attached to or associated with leafy shoots. Seed cones are terminally borne. Each cone is ovate to elongated, up to 6.5 cm long and 3.5 cm wide, and consists of a stout axis and numerous helically arranged bract-scale complexes. The bract protrudes beyond and is partially fused with the reduced ovuliferous scale. The ovuliferous scale bears approximately six inverted, small, and flattened seeds. Pollen cones are borne in terminal clusters. Microsporophylls are helically arranged, each bearing three abaxial, basally fused pollen sacs. Pollen is assaccate, rounded, and with an inconspicuous pore. Morphological, structural, and cuticular features of seed cones, pollen cones, and leafy shoots of S. laxum are compared with those of fossil and extant conifers. S. laxum is included in Taxodiaceae and believed to have its closest affinities with a Mesozoic conifer Elatides and a group of Cunninghamia-like conifers. It is reconstructed as a half-evergreen tree that lived in a humid, warm-temperate climate.

The permineralized corystosperm pollen organ Pteruchus is described from the early Middle Triassic of Antarctica. Pteruchus fremouwensis consists of an axis bearing numerous, helically arranged microsporophylls, each of which terminates in a distal flattened head. The axis is 1–2 mm in diameter and eustelic. Spherical to elliptical secretory cavities are present in the ground tissue of the axis, microsporophyll, and pollen sac wall. The basal stalk of the microsporophyll is vascularized by a C‐shaped strand that gives rise to a midvein and numerous lateral veins in the distal head. At least 38 pollen sacs are borne on the abaxial surface of the microsporophyll head. These are arranged in pairs on either side of lateral veins. Each pollen sac is sessile, elongated, and uniloculate. The pollen sac wall is several cell layers thick early in ontogeny, but reduced to a single layer in thickness when mature. Dehiscence is longitudinal along the inner surface. Pollen is monosulcate and bisaccate, and of the Alisporites‐type. The Triassic specimens are the first structurally preserved pollen organs of the Pteruchus‐type and can be related to the associated corystosperm stem and leaf genera based on the presence of unique secretory cavities. The morphology of Pteruchus and the relationship of this pollen organ with other Mesozoic and Paleozoic pollen organs is discussed.

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