To explore the association of serum vitamin-D levels with the severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: A cross-sectional study of 136 patients with T2DM who underwent overnight polysomnography (PSG) tests and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 (25(OH)D3) level detections was conducted. Multivariable linear regression and logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the associations of serum 25(OH)D3 levels with apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Results: The prevalence rates of OSA were 84.4% for male and 65.2% for female patients, respectively (p = 0.011). With increasing severities of OSA categories (none, mild, moderate and severe), patients were more likely to be male and obese, but there was no significant difference in serum 25(OH)D3 level ((mean ± standard deviation) 21.8 ± 8.8, 27.7 ± 14.6, 24.2 ± 9.8 and 26.8 ± 6.2 ng/mL, respectively, p=0.086). Serum 25(OH)D3 level was not significantly correlated with AHI (log-transformed), with the correlation coefficient of 0.133 (p=0.124). With adjustment for potential confounding factors, multivariable linear regression and logistic regression analyses showed that serum 25(OH)D3 level was not significantly associated with either AHI (log-transformed) or the risk of OSA, with the standardized regression coefficient (95% confidence interval (CI)) of 0.098 (−0.004-0.014, p=0.252) and the adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) of 1.055 (0.991-1.124, p=0.095), respectively. Conclusion: Serum 25(OH)D3 level was not significantly associated with either AHI or the risk of OSA in patients with T2DM.

Aims. We aimed to explore whether visceral adiposity indices were significantly associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients. Methods. 100 patients with T2DM who underwent overnight polysomnography were analyzed in this study. Anthropometric data, lipid profiles, and glycemic parameters were recorded. Body fat percentage (BFP) and visceral adipose tissue area (VAT area) were collected from a whole body scan using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the associations of AHI with BFP, VAT area, and CVAI. Results. The prevalence rate of OSA was 80%, and the mean (±SD) of age was 47.0 ± 13.6 years. Apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was significantly and positively associated with either VAT area ( r = 0.433 , p ≤ 0.001 ) or Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) ( r = 0.355 , p ≤ 0.001 ) but not for BFP ( r = 0.107 , p = 0.294 ). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that VAT area and CVAI were significantly associated with increased risk of OSA, and the adjusted ORs were (95% CI) 1.025 (1.003-1.047, p = 0.023 ) and 1.018 (1.002-1.034, p = 0.030 ), respectively. However, there was no significant association between BFP and increased risk of OSA. Conclusions. VAT area and CVAI were independent risk factors of OSA in the patients with T2DM.

Background Advanced maternal age (AMA; ≥35 years) is considered to be a major risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Along with the global trend of delayed childbearing, and in particular, the implementation of China’s second and third-child policy leading to a dramatic increase of AMA in recent years, the association between maternal age and pregnancy outcomes requires more investigation. Methods A population-based retrospective study was performed. Data were derived from the Medical Birth Registry of Xiamen from 2011 to 2018. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the effects of maternal age on pregnancy outcomes. Results A total of 63,137 women categorized into different age groups (< 25 years, 25–29 years, 30–34 years, and ≥ 35 years) were included in this study. Compared with the mothers aged 25–29 years, the univariate regression analysis showed that mothers aged < 25 years had lower risks of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and cesarean. AMA was associated with higher risks of GDM, hypertension, cesarean, preterm birth, low-birth weight (LBW), large-for-gestational-age (LGA), macrosomia, and stillbirth (all P < 0.01). After adjustment for potential confounding factors, increased risks of GDM, hypertension, cesarean, preterm birth, and LBW remained significantly associated with AMA (all P < 0.05), whereas AMA mothers showed a lower risk of macrosomia than their younger counterparts. Additionally, no significant differences were detected in terms of Apgar score < 7. Conclusion AMA was associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes including increased risks of GDM, hypertension, cesarean, preterm birth, and LBW. This study confirmed the relationship between AMA and certain adverse maternal and fetal outcomes and emphasizes the necessity for women to be cautious about the age at which they become pregnant.

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