The polarised Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (pBRDF) model relates the properties of target materials to the polarisation information of the incident and reflected light. The Priest–Germer (P-G) model was the first strictly pBRDF model to be officially released; however, some shortcomings remain. In this study, we first analyse the assumption framework of the P-G model, analyse the assumption framework to determine the imperfections in the framework, supplement the boundary conditions of the model for diffraction and transmission effects, and propose and construct a polarised pBTDF model based on the existing P-G model and parameter inversion; the output results of the model are compared with the experimental data through simulation. The results show that the intensity relative error and Degree of Linear Polarisation relative error of the target can be reduced by more than 40%, using the improved model, proving its accuracy and precision.

Focusing on the unneglectable error of testing results for the rough surface material by the Priest-Germer (PG) model, the basic model assumption, modeling process, parameters inversion and fitting results are analyzed, and the cause for the error is found out. Taking the physical fact that evanescent wave existing in the fine structured surface as the basis, and ignoring the penetration depth and phase delay, a new assumed surface configuration which is integrated into micro-hemispheroid is created. Then, a new reflectance function is built, the inner scatter function is refined, and a new polarized bidirectional reflection distribution model(pBRDF) is established. Illuminated by full spectrum light in a laboratory, the spectrum testing data of dual-directional reflectance for surface is acquired, and the performance of the PG model and the new model is compared. The result indicates that the new model error in the radiance and the degree of linear polarization (DOLP) is respectively about 35% and 59% of that of the PG model.

In this paper, the scattering characteristics of polarized light are studied based on the microsurface element theory, and the Polarization Bi-directional Reflection Distribution Function (pBRDF) model applicable to rough surfaces is established according to the three-component model, and the expression of polarization of reflected light from the target surface is derived based on the model, and the accuracy of the model is verified by comparing the model with the conventional model. The modeling is also carried out from the scattering perspective, and the relationship between different artificial target particle diameters and polarization characteristics is analyzed. The results show that the Degree Of Polarization (DOP) is strongly related to the detection zenith angle. The DOP of the target is largest in the direction of the mirror reflection of the source. The polarization characteristics of different materials are different, and the relative error of the established model is significantly smaller than that of the conventional model. And the scattering model can make preliminary classification of different man-made targets according to different particle diameters, which can provide theoretical support for the analysis of the polarization characteristics of the target surface.

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